شناسایی و اولویت‌بندی پیشایندها و پسایندهای رهبری مشفقانه؛ رویکردی آمیخته

زمینه و هدف: سیستم‌های بهداشتی به‌عنوان سیستم‌های پیچیده نیازمند مدیرانی با قدرت نفوذ و رهبری بالایی هستند. بنابراین رهبری به‌عنوان یک تخصص در این حوزه نیازمند به‌کارگیری تمام ابزار اعمال قدرت جهت رسیدن به اهداف چندوجهی نظام سلامت، مردم و کارکنان است، لذا پژوهش حاضر با هدف شناسایی و اولویت‌بندی پیشایندها و پسایندهای رهبری مشفقانه در مدیران پرستاری صورت گرفته است.روش شناسی: این پژوهش به لحاظ هدف کاربردی و از جهت نوع پژوهش آمیخته با رویکرد کیفی-کمی محسوب می‌شود. جامعه آماری این پژوهش در بخش کیفی، اساتید دانشگاهی و خبرگان حوزه مدیریت می‌باشد که با استفاده از روش نمونه‌گیری هدفمند به تعداد 14 نفر انجام شد. جامعه آماری بخش کمی، مدیران پرستاری بیمارستان‌های دولتی استان خوزستان می‌باشند که با استفاده از روش نمونه‌گیری گلوله برفی، حجم نمونه 34 نفر تعیین شد. داده‌های کیفی به‌دست‌آمده از مصاحبه‌ها با استفاده از نرم‌افزار 2020maxqda و بخش کمی پژوهش با استفاده از روش دلفی فازی انجام شد.یافته ها: پیشایندها و پسایندهای رهبری مشفقانه در قالب 24 عامل مشخص و سپس با استخراج این عوامل، از طریق پژوهش کمی اولویت‌بندی شدند.نتایج: نتایج حاصل از پژوهش نشان داد که ویژگی‌های شخصی، فرهنگ روان‌شناختی و الزامات حمایتی مهم‌ترین پیشایندهای رهبری مشفقانه هستند. در میان پسایندهای رهبری مشفقانه نیز رضایتمندی، ارتقاء مولفه‌های فردی و تقویت فکری و ذهنی مهم‌ترین پسایندهای رهبری مشفقانه می‌باشند.

identifying and prioritizing the antecedents and consequences of compassionate leadership: a mixed approach

a b s t r a c tbackground and aim: health systems as complex systems require managers with high influence and leadership. therefore, leadership as a specialty in this field requires the use of all the tools of exercising power to achieve the multifaceted goals of the health system, people and employees, therefore, the current research was conducted with the aim of identifying and prioritizing the antecedents and consequences of compassionate leadership in nursing managers. compassionate leadership with simultaneous attention to logic and feeling is the balancing arm of the organization in creating and managing the special atmosphere of hospital environments.methodology: this research is considered to be applied in terms of purpose and in terms of the type of research mixed with qualitative-quantitative approach. the statistical population of this qualitative research is university professors and experts in the field of management, which was carried out using a targeted sampling method in the number of 14 people. the statistical population of the quantitative part is the nursing managers of the khuzestan hospitals, and the sample size of 34 patients was determined using the snowball sampling method. the qualitative data obtained from the interviews was conducted using maxqda 2020 software and the quantitative part of the research was conducted using the delphi-fuzzy method.results: the antecedents and consequences of compassionate leadership were identified in the form of 24 specific factors and then by extracting these factors, they were prioritized through quantitative research.conclusion: the results of the research showed that personal characteristics, psychological culture and support requirements are the most important antecedents of compassionate leadership. among the consequences of compassionate leadership, satisfaction, improvement of individual components and intellectual and mental strengthening are the most important consequences of compassionate leadership.extended abstractintroductionthe health system is one of the most complex systems that shows the importance of how to lead and manage people in order to implement the macro health policies of the country and at the same time direct micro-organizational behaviors to meet the organizational priorities and job standards of the health system. this case specialization of the role of leadership in organizational interactions and daily communication of employees with the surrounding environment comes to the fore. the emergence and emergence of successful leadership and organization can be seen in the fulfillment of the mission of the organization, the high level of employee satisfaction, their job commitment, and the strengthening of organizational culture in the emergence of active behaviors in dealing with patients and stakeholders of the organization. therefore, leadership as a specialty in this field requires the use of all the tools of exercising power to achieve the multifaceted goals of the health system, people and employees, therefore, the current research was conducted with the aim of identifying and prioritizing the antecedents and consequences of compassionate leadership in nursing managers. methodologythis research is considered to be applied in terms of purpose and in terms of the type of research mixed with qualitative-quantitative approach. the statistical population of this qualitative research is university professors and experts in the field of management, which was carried out using a targeted sampling method in the number of 14 people. the statistical population of the quantitative part is the nursing managers of the khuzestan hospitals, and the sample size of 34 patients was determined using the snowball sampling method. results and discussionthe antecedents and consequences of compassionate leadership were identified in the form of 24 specific factors and then by extracting these factors, they were prioritized through quantitative research.the antecedents of compassionate leadership include education and skill system, psychological culture, administrative processes, health system, job characteristics, socio-political factors, internal organizational factors, service compensation, personal characteristics, career planning, hospital management structure and support requirements. the consequences of compassionate leadership in nursing managers also include satisfaction, stabilization of desirable values, strengthening skills and effectiveness, internal commitments, desire to leave service, intellectual and mental strengthening, maturity and behavioral stability of subordinates, improvement of decision-making skills, improvement of individual components, team-oriented culture, influence on attitude and transfer of experience and values. conclusionthe results of the research showed that personal characteristics, psychological culture and support requirements are the most important antecedents of compassionate leadership. among the consequences of compassionate leadership, satisfaction, improvement of individual components and intellectual and mental strengthening are the most important consequences of compassionate leadership. according to the results of the research and the opinion that hospital environments are environments with special conditions and their own tensions and stresses in dealing with individual issues such as the desire to leave the service and lack of motivation, depression and dissatisfaction of employees, occupational and structural issues as; job conflicts, lack of structural flexibility, long shifts and lack of equipment and other inefficiencies and extra-organizational pressures. it is recommended that nursing managers, relying on their personal characteristics, can correctly understand the factors affecting people and their management such as the culture that governs the work environment, structural and extra-organizational factors and the recognition of talented people in the selection and career promotion of people in organizational positions prepare the ground for the implementation of the organization’s mission. the implementation, implementation and institutionalization of compassionate leadership with the correct management of its conditions leads to positive consequences such as satisfaction, internal commitment, strengthening skills and effectiveness, influencing attitudes and transferring experiences and values. the multi-faceted satisfaction of the system, employees and patients creates a positive feeling and strengthens the spirit of commitment of employees and understanding the importance and position of compassionate leadership in the management of a system. compassionate leadership with simultaneous attention to logic and feeling is the balancing arm of the organization in creating and managing the special atmosphere of hospital environments and it is hoped that the systems will pay more attention to the existence of a compassionate manager with a multifaceted view and pay double attention to these features in planning the selection of their managers. fundingthere is no funding support. authors’ contributionauthors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. all of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none. conflict of interestauthors declared no conflict of interest. acknowledgments we are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper.