مدل‌سازی عامل بنیان اختلال در سازمان توسط عوامل انسانی یا هوشمند: مروری نظام‌مند

زمینه و هدف: اختلالات سازمانی نقش بسیار مهمی در افت عملکرد و کاهش اثربخشی و کارایی سازمان‌ها دارند که می‌توانند منشا داخلی، خارجی، انسانی و یا هوشمند داشته باشند. لذا، پژوهش حاضر با هدف شناسایی این عوامل و مدل‌سازی آن‌ها انجام گردیده است.روش شناسی: به‌منظور ارائه یک مدل جامع از مطالعات این حوزه، از روش‌شناسی مطالعات ثانویه استفاده‌شده و با به‌کارگیری روش مرور نظام‌مند، کلیدواژه‌های مهم مرتبط با سوالات پژوهش در عنوان و چکیده تعداد 196 مقاله از سال 2000 تا 2023 که بیشترین نزدیکی و ارتباط معنایی نزدیکی با موضوع پژوهش داشته‌اند موردبررسی قرار گرفت و پس از چند مرحله بررسی و حذف مطالب تکراری و غیر مرتبط، در نهایت 74 مقاله برای بررسی جامع و استخراج داده‌ها انتخاب شدند که با روش تحلیل محتوای کمی، اطلاعات به‌دست‌آمده با تلخیص مطالب دسته‌بندی و مورد تجزیه‌وتحلیل قرار گرفت.یافته ها: یافته‌ها نشان‌دهنده آن است که مقوله‌های مرتبط با حوزه‌های مهم اجتماعی، اقتصادی، روان‌شناختی، جرم، علوم پزشکی و فن‌آوری‌های ارتباطی، شش مقوله پرتکرار هستند که مطالعات این حوزه در سازمان‌ها را پوشش می‌دهد. ضمناً عوامل موثر بر اختلال در سازمان‌ها که شناسایی‌شده‌اند، علیرغم اینکه از نظر ماهیت و منشا متنوع هستند، می‌توان آن‌ها را در دو گروه اصلی «عوامل مشاهده شونده» و «عوامل پنهان» طبقه‌بندی نمود.نتایج: مدل‌سازی عامل بنیان اختلال در سازمان توسط عوامل انسانی و هوش مصنوعی یک موضوع مهم و پرکاربرد در زمینه‌های مدیریت سازمانی و امنیت اطلاعات است. این رویکرد در شناسایی، پیش‌بینی و مدیریت تهدیدات امنیتی در سازمان‌ها کمک فراوانی نموده است. بعلاوه در مدل‌سازی تحلیل عامل بنیان اختلال در سازمان‌ها، مجموعه‌ای از نظریه‌ها و مدل‌ها که مهم‌ترین آن‌ها نظریه نمایندگی و نظریه هزینه معاملات هستند مورد استناد بوده است.

modeling the cause of disruption in the organization by human or intelligent agents: a systematic review

a b s t r a c tbackground and aim: organizational disruptions play a significant role in the decline of performance and the reduction of effectiveness and efficiency of organizations. these disruptions can be internal, external, human, or intelligent in origin. therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of identifying these factors and modeling them.methodology: in order to provide a comprehensive model of studies in this field, a secondary research methodology was used. by using the systematic review method, the important keywords related to the research questions in the title and abstract of 196 articles from 2000 to 2023 were examined. after several stages of review and removal of repetitive and irrelevant materials, finally 74 articles were selected for comprehensive review and data extraction. the information obtained was categorized and analyzed by quantitative content analysis method.results: the findings show that the categories related to the important fields of social, economic, psychological, crime, medical sciences, and communication technologies are the six most frequent categories that cover studies in this field in organizations. in addition, the factors affecting disruption in organizations that have been identified, despite their diverse nature and origin, can be classified into two main groups of observable factors and hidden factors.conclusion: factor-based modeling of disruption in organizations by human and artificial intelligence factors is an important and widely used topic in the fields of organizational management and information security. this approach has greatly helped in identifying, predicting, and managing security threats in organizations. in addition, in the modeling of factor-based analysis of disruption in organizations, a set of theories and models, the most important of which are the agency theory and the transaction cost theory, have been cited.extended abstractintroductionsince traditional modelling tools are no longer usable as in the past and due to the complexity of systems in organizations, they are not always usable, therefore it is necessary to consider new approaches such as agent-based models in organizational environments that sometimes face many disturbances, the reasons for its creation in the organization by human factors or artificial intelligence and according to the existing studies and the future needs of the organizations presented more practical suggestions to adjust or eliminate its effects and maintain organizational cohesion. therefore, as parsons also stated, four vital functions are vital for the survival of social systems, one of the most important of which is cohesion; this means that to survive, the organization must avoid deviations and create deep disturbances by maintaining harmony between the components and rule unity and integrity over the organization. therefore, due to the complexity of the models used and also the significant number of factors affecting disruption in organizations, conducting this study is considered a necessity. identifying the dimensions and conceptual scope of these damages and the factors that cause them will help the managers to predict the method of facing and fighting the damages and as a result, they can maintain the cohesiveness of the organizational system. therefore, examining the role and importance of manpower and artificial intelligence in organizations on the one hand and the possibility of disruptions in it on the other hand has made modelling the root cause of disruption in the organization by human or intelligent factors to be the main goal of this study. to answer these questions, what studies have been done about agent-based simulation in the field of crisis caused by intelligent agents and how to deal with them in organizations, and what were their results? methodologyin terms of method, the current research is considered a type of secondary data analysis, in which a systematic review is used, which is one of the methods for examining and combining previous studies. this method is a systematic, explicit and comprehensive method for identifying, evaluating and synthesizing the existing structure of research conducted by scientists, researchers and professionals. results and discussionthe results related to the investigation of factors affecting disruption in organizations show that these factors can be diverse in terms of nature and origin, which are divided into two types visible factors and hidden factors in a classification. therefore, in modelling, two main factors, which also have various other dimensions, are influential, which include things such as human factors (such as age, experience, etc.); organizational factors (such as size, hierarchy, etc.); economic factors (such as financial resources, economic policies, etc.); social factors (such as social characteristics of individuals and communities, etc.); technological factors (such as technologies and innovations, etc.); environmental factors (such as weather conditions, etc.); legal factors (such as government laws and regulations, etc.); psychological factors (such as psychological problems of people, etc.); spatial and geographical factors (geographical position, etc.); pointed out that it has been noticed by researchers. conclusiondifferent policies can be used to reduce disruption in organizations. these policies can be divided into two general categories: preventive policies (such as: creating a culture of learning and innovation in the organization, strengthening the information and management systems of the organization, and training employees in the field of disorder management) and reactive policies (such as: creating emergency plans, using commercial insurances and creating capacities surplus) divided. choosing appropriate policies to reduce disruption in organisations depends on various factors, among which we can mention the type of organization, the nature of the disruption, and the resources available in the organization, etc. fundingthere is no funding support. authors’ contributionauthors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. all of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none. conflict of interestauthors declared no conflict of interest. acknowledgments we are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper.