بررسی رابطه قابلیت پیاده روی در محله و سلامت ذهنی(مطالعه موردی: شهر رشت)

محیط ساخته شده یکی از عوامل مهم تعیین کننده در میزان فعالیت جسمانی و در نتیجه سلامت فردی است. پژوهش حاضر به بررسی تاثیر محیط کالبدی شهر  بر فعالیت جسمانی، انسجام اجتماعی، حس تعلق اجتماعی و سلامت ذهنی می پردازد. به این منظور با استفاده از روش نمونه گیری تصادفی دو مرحله ای، 380 پرسش نامه در محله هایی از شهر رشت تکمیل شد و داده های حاصل با استفاده از مدلسازی معادلات ساختاری در نرم افزار smart pls3  مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. یافته های پژوهش نشان می دهد  که محیط ساخته شده عامل مرتبه دومی از 5 مولفه ی نزدیکی به امکانات، کاهش عوامل تنش زای محیطی، کیفیت زیرساخت، دسترسی و اتصال پذیری و خطرات ترافیکی می باشد. محیط ساخته شده به طور مثبت و معناداری بر انسجام اجتماعی، حس تعلق اجتماعی و فعالیت فیزیکی تاثیر می گذارد. حس تعلق اجتماعی و فعالیت فیزیکی نیز به طور مثبت و معناداری بر سلامت ذهنی اثرگذار است. مدیریت شهری می تواند با توجه به ارتقاء مولفه های مذکور، قابلیت پیاده روی در محلات شهری را افزایش دهد. بهبود کیفیت محیط ساخته شده منجر به افزایش فعالیت فیزیکی، انسجام اجتماعی و حس تعلق اجتماعی خواهد شد. و در نهایت با افزایش حس تعلق اجتماعی و فعالیت فیزیکی، سلامت ذهنی شهروندان نیز ارتقاء خواهد یافت.

exploring the relationship between walkability of neighborhoods and mental health (case study: rasht city)

introduction walking is very good for physical and mental health. walking reduces obesity, diabetes, and other chronic diseases as well as health care/medical costs. therefore, a wide range of favorable health outcomes (including reduced cardiovascular risk and death) are the favorable outcomes of walking. throughout history, walking has been the main mode of transportation in urban areas. however, rapid urbanization and the mass introduction of automobiles in the 1950s, followed by suburban population growth, changed the mode of transportation. these changes created a pattern of urban expansion called sprawl, according to which many people from cities move to the suburbs of their cities. as these areas are hugely dependent on personal cars for transportation due to the mono-functionality and dispersion of daily destinations, they are designed to be low-density housing and special lifestyle. urban built environments significantly impact on the physical activity of people and consequently their health. considering the above-mentioned issues, this research investigated the impact of the city’s physical environment on residents’ physical activity, social cohesion, sense of social belonging, and mental health. method this research is descriptive-analytical. document, library, and field methods were used for collecting the required data. the data were collected in the early 2022, using a questionnaire. a two-stage random sampling method was applied for selecting the participants. at the first stage, 20 neighborhoods were randomly selected from among the historical neighborhoods of rasht, iran. walkability and density were evident the selected the neighborhoods. then, 19 residential buildings were selected from among the neighborhood, distributed evenly, and one household in each building was randomly selected for answering the posed questions. from among the questionnaires distributed in 20 neighborhoods of rasht, 380 questionnaires were completed. the questionnaire entailed two sections. the first section asked some demographic questions, including gender, age, education, monthly income, employment, and marital status. the second section was on the main questions, including items related to nine components. the components were: closeness to facilities, reduction of environmental stressful factors, quality of infrastructure, accessibility and connectivity, traffic hazards, physical activity, social cohesion, sense of social belonging, and mental health. to confirm the validity of the questionnaire enjoying likert scale, experts commented on the face and content of questionnaire. its reliability was evaluated using cronbach’s alpha, which was 0.931. structural equation modeling was applied in smart pls3 software for analyzing the collected data.