The Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms on Resistance to Low Temperatures in Plants

Temperature is one of the distinctive factor having influence on distribution of natural plant societies. many plant species and varieties are usually subject to the lowest limit temperature degrees to be remained alive within the frame of their own genetic traits. plants improve different mechanisms to be protected or tolerated to injuries or deaths which might be resulted from chilling and freeze stresses in cold resistance duration. these have categorized such as exothermic effects of extracellular and intracellular freeze formation process in plants, physical changes in cell membranes during freeze injury, cold resistance and cold acclimation, biochemical changes during cold acclimation (changes in soluble matters in plant sap, lipid content in cell membranes, protein content, enzyme activity, antioxidant system, plant nutrient elements etc.). nowdays, some investigations have been carried out at molecular level to be explained genetically cold resistance of plants. in this originally rewieve, the defense mechanisms of plants against chilling and freeze stresses which are one of the biggest restrictive factors on plant growth over the world, biophysical and biochemical changes during this process and also improvements in molecular level were compiled by being investigated a lot of different studies related to this subject.