Effects of Different Furrow Openers and Tractor Forward Speeds on the Soil Profile and Soil Disturbance

In this research we were examined effects of different furrow openers that using no-till seeders, and tractor forward speeds on the furrow profile and soil disturbance. fort this purpose winged hoe, narrow hoe and chisel type furrow openers were used at the three tractor forward speeds which 1,1.5,2 ms^-1. the furrow openers were used at the same no-till seeder. according to obtained results maximum furrow profiles and soil disturbance were obtained at the sowing with chisel furrow openers. however, minimum values were obtained at the sowing with narrow hoe furrow openers. increasing the tractor forward speeds were increased values of furrow profiles and soil disturbance.