The Typology of Extraordinary Creatures in the Miniatures of Shahrokhi'S (Mir Heydar) Miraj Nameh

Muslims believe prophet muhammad (pbuh), riding an extraordinary creature, started his spiritual night journey known as miraj (ascension of muhammad (pbuh) to heaven). detailed description of this miraculous event is presented in many textbooks called lsquo;miraj nameh rsquo;. one most well known example is shahrokhichr's, composed in herat school and is kept in national paris library. extraordinary and supernatural creatures are illustrated in some miniatures in this book which are specified with particular and strange appearances. this article aims to study various aspects of wonderful creatures in mir heydarchr's manuscript of miraj nameh based on the appearance and application. the manuscript is a unique collection of thaumaturgic illustrations depicted to describe the fantastic locations like heaven, hell, purgatory and weird creatures whom prophet muhammad pbuh visited in his ascension. as various studies and conclusions demonstrate, illustrated creatures can be divided into some distinct groups based on appearance, body formation, and visual characteristics as: lsquo;animal human rsquo; and lsquo;human animal rsquo; combinations, lsquo;giants rsquo;, lsquo;multi body organs rsquo;, lsquo;animal or human plant rsquo; combination, and lsquo;human half rsquo; combination. the origin of the weird locations and creatures presented in the textbook should be searched in mythological culture and fictions. applied research methodology is descriptive. data gathering method is library information one.