the iron age iii of urmia lake basin in the light of new research

Bari castle is located on the western side of urmia lake. the castle enclosed with stony walls measuring several meters high, encompasses a widespread area. it was used in the first millennium bc considering the castle’s architectural features and potsherd remains found on its surface. for almost 150 years, from the middle of the 9^th century to the end of the 8^th century, the urartian areas in iran did not witness any attack from assyrians. it was only during the reign of sargon ii, clashes erupted between urartu and assyria. the reason was that urartu interfered more and more in the affairs of the kingdom of mannea, which assyria considered a tributary. the first half of the 7^th century is when mannaean seized the power in that area. it was the time which saw the expansion of mannean more than ever, especially its dominance on the urmia plain, hence; the bari castle was of the mannaean empire.