EFFECTS OF SMOKING ON PERIODONTAL TREATMENT RESULTS AND CLİNİCAL PROCEDURES FOR SMOKERS

Smoking harms several organs in the body and non-smokers are healtier than smokers because they have less risk of having cancer, cardiovascular diseases and immune system deficiencies. the prevalence of periodontal disease in smokers is higher than that of non- smokers. smoking is a changable risk factor therefore it is critical to identify the effect of smoking on periodontal treatment. the aim of this review is to investigate the effect of smoking on surgical and nonsurgical periodontal treatment and moreover to overlook the studies about the usage of local antimicrobials as an adjunctive therapy for smokers in order to give information about treatment approach and expectation of the treatment outcomes on smokers.