cross-cultural adaptation, validity, reliability, and cut-off points of persian version of widowhood resilience scale (wrs, 25-items) among iranian widows

Background: widowhood is an unwonted stage after marriedlife accompanied by emotional and physical stress. resilienceplays an important role in coping with widowhood, but there isno appropriate instrument to help measure resilience among theiranian population. hence, the objective of the present study wasto assess the psychometric properties of the persian version ofthe widowhood resilience scale (wrs, 25-items).methods: in a psychometric study, 352 iranian widows wererandomly selected; then, the wrs, loneliness, general resilience,and demographic questionnaire were used to gather data. theexploratory and confirmatory factor analysis was used to extractthe factors using ibm-spss version 24 and amos version 24.results: the mean ages of 352 participants were 65.7±9.8, andthe highest frequency of education level was no formal schooling(42.6%). the construct validity of wrs based on confirmatoryfactor analysis showed that the six subscales explained a totalof 85.35 % of the variance. the convergent validity of the wrs25-items was compared to iranian versions of ucla-loneliness(0.71) and cd-risc (0.78) as well (p<0.01). the wrs scaledemonstrated excellent reliability and cronbach’s alpha obtained0.94 for the entire scale (p<0.001). the optimal cut-off point thatbest differentiates between resilient and non-resilient widowswas 55, with a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 74.4%.conclusion: based on the results, the persian version of the wrsis a valid and reliable tool that can be utilized to measure widows’resilience. however, further investigations are suggested.