Safety of Naloxone in Opioid-Naive Methadone Intoxicated Patients; a Case Series Study

Introduction: studies have shown that naloxone can cause behavioral changes in naive normal volunteers. this study aimed to investigate the possible complications of naloxone in methadone-overdosed opioid-naive patients. methods: in this pilot study, a total number of 20 opioid-naive methadone-poisoned patients underwent naloxone challenge test to receive naltrexone. 0.2, 0.6, and 1.2 mg doses of naloxone were administered on minutes 0, 5, and 15-20. the patients were followed for 30 minutes after administration of naloxone and monitored for any upsetting signs and symptoms. patients with clinical opiate withdrawal scale (cows) lower than 5 were considered not addicted and the severity of patients’ symptoms was calculated using subjective opiate withdrawal syndrome (sows). results: 20 patients with mean age of 25.5±8.09 years were evaluated (70% female). median ingested dose of methadone was 25 mg [iqr; 10 to 50 mg] and mean time interval between ingestion of methadone and naloxone challenge test was 7.1±4.9 hours. fourteen patients reported some discomfort after administration of a mean dose of 1.7±0.5 mg of naloxone lasting for a maximum of four hours. the most common patients’ complaints were headache (45%) followed by nausea (20%), agitation (20%), abdominal pain (20%), and flushing (20%). two (10%) mentioned severe panic attack and sensation of near-coming death. sows significantly correlated with female gender (p = 0.004) and time elapsed post methadone ingestion (p = 0.001). conclusion: it seems that naloxone is not a completely safe medication even in opioid-naive patients, and administrating adjusted doses of naloxone even in opioid-naive methadone intoxicated patientsmay be logical.