prognostic role of inflammatory and coagulation factors in severe covid-19: a descriptive analysis from an intensive care unit

Background: severe covid-19 is often associated with systemic inflammation and coagulopathy, which may influence clinical outcomes. identifying prognostic biomarkers at icu admission can aid in risk stratification and management.methods: in this retrospective study, 363 icu-admitted patients with severe covid-19 were evaluated. the primary outcome was in-hospital mortality; secondary outcomes included associations between inflammatory/coagulation biomarkers and mortality, and comparison of derived ratios with their individual components.results: mortality was 62.8%. non-survivors had significantly higher d-dimer (p = 0.047), ferritin (p = 0.057), esr (p = 0.018), and pct (p = 0.049), with lower lymphocyte counts (p = 0.058) and vitamin d levels (p = 0.002). nlr was markedly elevated in non-survivors (p = 0.037) and showed the best predictive value (auc = 0.66), outperforming neutrophil and lymphocyte counts individually. plr provided limited discrimination. diabetes and hypertension were also associated with increased mortality.conclusion: inflammatory and coagulation markers—particularly nlr, d-dimer, ferritin, esr, pct, lymphocyte count, and vitamin d—are useful predictors of mortality in critically ill covid-19. early recognition of these parameters may aid triage and optimize icu resource allocation.