the efficacy and safety of pentoxifylline in the treatment of recurrent aphthous stomatitis: a systematic review

Several evidence have shown the beneficial effects of pentoxifylline in the improvement of oral aphthous ulcers. however, the data in this regard are sparse. so, the efficacy and safety of pentoxifylline in oral route was systematically reviewed to elucidate its effects on the size and number of ulcers, as well as the healing time and recurrence frequency in recurrent aphthous stomatitis (ras) patients. pubmed (medline), web of science, scopus, sciencedirect, cochrane library, proquest, and clinicaltrial.gov were searched for related articles. the investigated outcomes were pain level, the size and number of ulcers, the frequency of recurrence, the healing time, and finally the pentoxifylline related side effects. only 6 related study that investigate the efficiency of pentoxifylline on ras (n =107) were identified. decreasing in the pain level, improving the ulcer size and number were established in approximately all studies. pentoxifylline established its ability to shorten the healing time of this type of mouth ulcers. however, its potential to prevent the recurrence of the disease could not establish based the data presented here. in conclusion, this systematic review suggests pentoxifylline in ras patients because it confirmed that ras patients who received this agent as oral administration reported suitable response. however, conducting more clinical trials with larger sample size and long follow-up time especially to efficiently judge about its ability to the recurrence prevention still is necessary to develop clinical practice guidelines for management of ras.