resilience: now what?; comment on “re-evaluating our knowledge of health system resilience during covid-19: lessons from the first two years of the pandemic”

In this paper we draw upon the review article “re-evaluating our knowledge of health system resilience during covid-19: lessons from the first two years of the pandemic” by saulnier et al. to propose some additional themes to be considered regarding ongoing conversations on health system resilience. complementing the lessons learned brought forward in the article, we propose three thematic areas which may enrichen this conversation. these three themes are posed as questions: 1. transformation - towards what? 2. crises and shocks - what counts as such? and 3. levels and scales – can tensions be reconciled? while our insights are strongly rooted in research results on health system resilience during covid-19 in finland, we seek to discuss their wider implications for health system resilience and beyond the context of a single country.