Genetics of thyroid cancer

Thyroid cancer is one of the malignancies whose incidence is increasing in the last decades. advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms provide opportunity for prevention, effective early identification and targeted therapies for management. somatic mutations and other molecular alterations have been recognized as helpful diagnostic and prognostic markers for thyroid cancer and are beginning to be introduced into clinical practice. in this review genetic basis of thyroid cancer was explained. common mutations found in thyroid cancer are point mutation of the braf and ras genes as well as ret/ ptc and pax8/pparγ chromosomal rearrangements were given. we also explained gene expression profiling, microrna studies, as well as the results of emerging new data from genome-wide association, epigenetic studies, single-nucleotide polymorphism (snp) analyses and other related genes.