نقش دیپلماسی مرزی در فرآیند جرم یابی جرائم سازمان‌یافته فراملی (با رویکرد کیفی)

زمینه و هدف: جرائم سازمان‌یافته معضلی است که در بستری از نارسایی‌های اقتصادی و امنیتی رواج پیداکرده و تبعات خطرناکی برای کشورها در پی دارد. برای مقابله با این جرائم تعامل و دیپلماسی مرزی یک اصل مهم بوده و ناهماهنگی در این حوزه، خسارت‌های جبران‌ناپذیری در پی دارد. بر همین اساس پژوهش حاضر، باهدف شناسایی نقش دیپلماسی مرزی در فرآیند جرم یابی جرائم سازمان‌یافته انجام‌شده است.روش: پژوهش حاضر ازنظر هدف، کاربردی و ازنظر ماهیت با رویکرد کیفی و روش تحلیل محتوای کیفی انجام‌شده است. ابتدا از طریق مصاحبه نیمه ساختاریافته، مولفه‌ها و شاخص‌های دیپلماسی مرزی در فرآیند جرم یابی جرائم سازمان‌یافته و همچنین چگونگی ایفاء نقش این موضوع، موردبررسی واقع و سپس با کدگذاری، واکاوی و تحلیل محتوای نظرات خبرگان، مفاهیم و ابعاد مرتبط با موضوع استخراج و احصاء گردید. جامعه آماری این پژوهش شامل خبرگان و صاحب‌نظران مرتبط بوده که به روش نمونه‌گیری هدفمند و بر اساس اصل اشباع نظری با استفاده از مصاحبه نیمه ساختاریافته انجام‌شده است.یافته‌ها: یافته‌های تحقیق، بررسی‌های به‌عمل‌آمده و تحلیل نکته نظرات صاحب‌نظران مرتبط با موضوع، حاکی از آن است که دیپلماسی مرزی دیپلماسی در شناسایی باندها و گروه‌های سازمان‌یافته و همچنین شناسایی مخفیگاه، مسیرها و محورهای تردد و فعالیت آن‌ها بسیار تاثیرگذار می‌باشد.نتایج: دیپلماسی مرزی نقش بسیار مهمی در جرم یابی جرائم سازمان‌یافته فراملی همچنین شناسایی مشاغل و فعالیت‌های پوششی (پول‌شویی) و رصد اموال، املاک و دارائی‌ها و ردیابی منابع درآمدی و مالی خواهد داشت.

the role of border diplomacy in the criminalization process of transnational organized crimes: with a qualitative approach

a b s t r a c tbackground and aim: organized crime thrives in environments marked by economic instability and security gaps, posing serious threats to nations. effective border diplomacy and cross-border cooperation are crucial in countering such crimes, as lack of coordination in this area can lead to irreversible damages. accordingly, this study seeks to examine the role of border diplomacy in the process of detecting organized crimes.methodology: this applied research adopts a qualitative approach, employing qualitative content analysis. semi-structured interviews were conducted to explore the components and indicators of border diplomacy in the detection of organized crimes, as well as the mechanisms through which it operates. expert opinions were coded, analyzed, and categorized to extract the relevant concepts and dimensions. the study population comprised specialists and experts in the field, selected through purposive sampling based on the principle of theoretical saturation, using semi-structured interviews as the primary data collection tool.results: the analysis of expert perspectives revealed that border diplomacy plays a pivotal role in identifying organized crime networks, including their hideouts, operational routes, and activity hubs.conclusion: border diplomacy is instrumental in uncovering transnational organized crimes, detecting front businesses and money-laundering activities, and monitoring assets, properties, and financial flows, thereby facilitating the tracing of illicit income sources.extended abstractintroductionin the modern era, the actions and activities of nations and organizations are deeply interconnected, making their separation nearly impossible. today, many countries transcend geographical boundaries to prevent, control, and combat crimes—particularly organized crime and terrorism—through international cooperation and multilateral engagements.undoubtedly, iran's border guard command (faraja) can play a pivotal role in countering transnational organized crime. by fostering comprehensive collaboration with neighboring police forces and operationalizing the discourse of border diplomacy, it can significantly enhance societal security. as the first line of defense against organized crime, the border guard command holds a critical position in this fight. examining the role of border diplomacy in detecting transnational organized crime can provide strategic and practical solutions to strengthen counter-crime efforts, offering actionable frameworks for border security leaders.success in combating organized crime requires transnational and international coordination, making effective scientific and operational cooperation among neighboring countries a key strategy. this study seeks to answer: how does border diplomacy contribute to the process of detecting transnational organized crime? methodologythis applied qualitative study employs content analysis. to identify the criteria, features, and dimensions of border diplomacy's role in detecting transnational organized crime, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 border security experts—including commanders and senior staff with doctoral or master's qualifications—using purposive sampling until theoretical saturation was achieved. the research's validity and reliability were verified by four domain experts. through coding and thematic analysis, key concepts and dimensions were extracted. results and discussionanalysis of interviews revealed two main themes:the role of border diplomacy in intelligence-gathering for detecting transnational organized crime.the role of border diplomacy in operational measures for detecting transnational organized crime.these themes were further categorized during axial coding, highlighting interconnected factors and challenges in combating cross-border smuggling. conclusionexpert analyses confirm that border diplomacy plays a vital role in detecting transnational organized crime. key findings include:border diplomacy effectively identifies organized criminal networks, their hideouts, transit routes, and operational corridors.given the complexity of transnational organized crime, border diplomacy is instrumental in uncovering front businesses (e.g., money laundering), tracking assets, and mapping financial flows.a major challenge in prosecuting organized crime is gathering irrefutable evidence and understanding criminal methodologies. border diplomacy significantly aids in evidence collection and profiling professional criminals.border diplomacy is also critical in the arrest, confrontation, and extradition of transnational organized criminals.the study concludes that border diplomacy's role in crime detection comprises two dimensions: intelligence actions and operational actions. statistical analysis further identifies nine key components underpinning this role. fundingthere is no funding support. authors' contributionall of the authors approved the content of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work.  conflict of interestthe authors declared no conflict of interest. acknowledgmentsthe authors thank all the professors and researchers who added to the richness of this research by providing their expert opinions.