نقش شاخص‌های جغرافیایی در شناسایی پهنه‌های مستعد نفوذ انفرادی و گروهی دشمن در مناطق مرزی، مطالعه موردی: نوار مرزی استان کرمانشاه

زمینه و هدف: عوارض جغرافیایی از مهم‌ترین شاخص‌های تاثیر گزار بر آسیب‌پذیری و امنیت مناطق مرزی محسوب می‌گردند. با توجه به اهمیت نوار مرزی استان کرمانشاه در غرب کشور در این پژوهش اقدام به بررسی نقش شاخص‌های جغرافیایی در تهیه نقشه آسیب‌پذیری نوار مرزی استان کرمانشاه در مقابل نفوذ انفرادی و گروهی نیروی نظامی دشمن گردید.روش: روش تحقیق در این پژوهش توصیفی – تحلیلی و مبتنی بر تجزیه‌وتحلیل اطلاعات رقومی با استفاده از نرم‌افزارها و مدل‌های مفهومی کامپیوتری می‌باشد. مدل‌های مفهومی مورداستفاده در این پژوهش مدل‌های anp و مدل ترکیبی fuzzy-vikor می‌باشد. جهت تجزیه‌وتحلیل داده‌ها از نرم‌افزارهای ا excel, gis, super decision استفاده گردید..یافته‌ها: با توجه به یافته‌های پژوهش مناطق جنوب غربی نوار مرزی استان کرمانشاه در اطراف شهرهای قصرشیرین، سومار و ازگله، دارای آسیب‌پذیری بالایی در مقابل نفوذ گروهی نیروی نظامی دشمن، و پهنه‌های شمال غربی استان، در مجاورت شهرهای پاوه، بانوره، نوسود، نودشه و تازه‌آباد دارای آسیب‌پذیری بیشتر در برابر نفوذ انفرادی گروه‌های تروریستی و قاچاقچیان محلی می‌باشد.نتایج: نتایج پژوهش نشان‌دهنده تاثیر بسیار تنوع طبیعی و توپوگرافی محلی در آسیب‌پذیری نوار مرزی استان کرمانشاه در مقابل نفوذ دشمن می‌باشد. امتداد رشته کوهستانی زاگرس در مرزهای شمال غربی استان موقعیت پدافندی خوبی را در مقابل نفوذ گروهی نیروهای دشمن ایجاد نموده است. دره‌های عمیق، رودخانه‌های متعدد و پوشش گیاهی متراکم این ارتفاعات را به مکان مناسبی جهت ورود گروهک‌های تروریستی و قاچاقچیان به کشور تبدیل کرده است.

the role of geographical indicators in identifying areas susceptible to individual and group enemy penetration in border areas:a case study of kermanshah province border strip

a b s t r a c tbackground and aim: establishing and maintaining security, both in terms of internal security and in terms of preventing invasion by neighboring countries, is the most important goal of countries in border areas. among them, geographical features are considered to be the most important indicators affecting the vulnerability and security of border areas. considering the importance of the border strip of kermanshah province in the west of the country, this study investigated the role of geographical indicators in preparing a vulnerability map of the border strip of kermanshah province against individual and group infiltration by enemy military forces.methodology: the research method in this study is descriptive-analytical and based on the analysis of digital information using software and computer conceptual models. the conceptual models used in this study are anp models and fuzzy-vikor hybrid model. excel, gis, and superdecision software were used to analyze the data.results: according to the research findings, the southwestern areas of the border strip of kermanshah province around the cities of qasr-e-shirin, somar, and az-goleh are highly vulnerable to group infiltration by enemy military forces, and the northwestern areas of the province, near the cities of paveh, banoreh, nosud, nodsheh, and taz-e-abad, are vulnerable to individual infiltration by terrorist groups and local smugglers.conclusion: the results of the study show that the great influence of natural diversity and local topography on the vulnerability of the border strip of kermanshah province against enemy infiltration. the extension of the zagros mountain range in the northwestern borders of the province has created a good defensive position against the infiltration of enemy forces. deep valleys, numerous rivers and dense vegetation have made these heights a suitable place for terrorist groups and smugglers to enter the country.extended abstractintroductionintroduction: border areas, as geographically significant areas, have a special place in national and international discussions (saber, 2018). as a result, establishing and maintaining security, both in terms of internal security and in terms of preventing invasion by neighboring countries, is the most important goal of countries in border areas, so that it can be safely stated that maintaining borders means the continuation of the governance system of any country (nikbakht et al., 2018:34). various natural (geomorphology, hydroclimatic and geological) and human (ethnic and cultural status of border residents) factors are effective in the security and stability of border areas (saffari and ebadinejad, 2012). among natural factors, geomorphological features play a special role. geomorphological landforms determine the speed and ease of movement and, by creating obstacles, make some points on the earth's surface key points for the parties involved in the war. therefore, geomorphological features also play a special role in preparing vulnerability zoning maps against enemy infiltration in border areas. these maps play a very important role in reducing the amount of possible damage caused by offensive operations by attacking forces. iran's geographical location and exposure to external threats, especially from the west of the country, have made the country's western borders very important in terms of security issues. one of the areas that has faced many challenges in recent years, including smuggling of goods and conflicts with terrorist groups, is the borders of kermanshah province. kermanshah province, with its 362 km common border with iraq, is considered one of the important and strategic regions of the country (kermanshah province planning studies, 2018). considering the materials presented in this study, an attempt has been made to examine and identify, in accordance with the subject and objectives of the study, the vulnerability and security pattern of the border region of kermanshah province, with emphasis on the role of geomorphological features. what are the vulnerable areas against group and individual enemy infiltration in the border region of kermanshah province. methodologythe research method in this study is descriptive-analytical and based on the analysis of digital information using computer software and conceptual models. in order to identify areas vulnerable to group and individual enemy infiltration, after studying the literature on the subject, the criteria of height, slope, field of view, curvature of the plan, distance from the river, land cover, land use, distance from the road, distance from military bases and distance from urban and rural areas were selected as geographical factors affecting the infiltration of military forces and terrorist groups in the border strip of the province. information related to the criteria studied in the study was collected from relevant organizations and after initial preparation in the gis environment, it was converted into digital layers in raster format. given the different units of measurement in the research criteria, the criteria were initially evaluated and standardized in the gis software environment using the basics of the fuzzy model in a range from 0 to 1. in the next step, using the anp conceptual model and superdecisions software, the criteria were compared in pairs and the initial weight of the criteria was calculated. after calculating the initial weight of the criteria, the criteria were ranked using the vikor model and excel software and the final weight of each criterion was calculated. finally, the research criteria were overlapped in the gis environment by applying the weights obtained in the vikor model and a map of areas susceptible to group and individual enemy infiltration was prepared. results and discussionaccording to the research findings, the areas adjacent to the cities of paveh, banoreh, nosud, nodsheh and tazehabad in the northwest of the region are highly and very sensitive to individual infiltration by terrorist groups and local smugglers. due to their high altitude, mountainous nature, steep walls, dense forest cover and the presence of permanent rivers, these areas have become suitable places for the entry of smuggled goods into the country and the movement of terrorist groups. a study of the map of areas susceptible to individual enemy infiltration showed that the areas adjacent to the mesopotamian plain around the cities of qasr-e-shirin, somar and ozgaleh are in the range of very low to low sensitivity to individual enemy infiltration. the plain nature of the region and the lack of suitable concealment features such as dense vegetation and valleys and steep mountain walls are characteristics of this region. conclusionthe results of the study show that the natural diversity and local topography have a great impact on the vulnerability of the border strip of kermanshah province to enemy infiltration. in the northwestern borders of the region, the parallelism of the zagros mountain range with the border line and the extension of the walls of this mountain range in iraqi soil, along with the dense forest cover of these heights, act as a natural barrier and play an important defensive role in preventing the group infiltration of enemy forces in these areas. in the southwest, the smooth and unobstructed border strip of the region along the border line has facilitated the infiltration of enemy forces into the country. fundingthere is no funding support. authors’ contributionall of the authors approved the content of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work. conflict of interestthe authors declared no conflict of interest. acknowledgmentsthe authors thank all the professors and researchers who added to the richness of this research by providing their expert opinions.