عوامل موثر بر قاچاق احشام در منطقه مرزی دهلران

زمینه و هدف: قاچاق کالا صدمات و ضربات مهلکی به ثبات اقتصادی کشور وارد کرده و زمینه‌ی فساد را در جامعه ایجاد می‌کند و از سوی دیگر ملاحظه می‌شود که قاچاق احشام در هنگ مرزی دهلران بصورت یک جرم سازمان یافته در حال ارتکاب است و نیاز است این موضوع در قالب یک پژوهش علمی و ساختارمند مورد بررسی و تحقیق قرار گیرد هدف از پژوهش حاضر، شناسایی عوامل موثر بر قاچاق احشام در هنگ مرزی دهلران است. روش: به منظور نیل به هدف پژوهش رویکرد پژوهش کیفی برمبنای روش تحلیل محتوا به کار گرفته شد. جامعه آماری پژوهش شامل خبرگان حوزه مرزبانی، قاچاق و اداره کل گمرکات استان ایلام است. از طریق نمونه گیری هدفمند و گلوله برفی، 60 نفر از خبرگان حوزه مرزبانی، قاچاق و اداره کل گمرکات استان ایلام به عنوان نمونه آماری انتخاب شدند برای جمع آوری داده ها از مصاحبه نیمه ساختار یافته استفاده شد که بعد از انجام 14 مصاحبه به اشباع نظری رسید.یافته ها: یافته‌ها نشان داد که تعداد 62 مفهوم به عنوان مفاهیم (کدهای باز) عوامل موثر بر قاچاق احشام در هنگ مرزی دهلران استخراج شدند. این مقوله‌های شناسایی شده همگی فراوانی بالاتر از 7 داشته اند. نتایج: با توجه به این موضوع که قاچاق احشام یکی چالش های مهم در مناطق مرزی بوده و دارای تبعات گسترده ای در ابعاد اقتصادی، امنیتی، اجتماعی و زیست محیطی می باشد، پیشگیری و مقابله با این نوع قاچاق به ویژه از نوع سازمان یافته اش مورد تاکید مردم و مسئولان کشور می باشد که توجه به ابعاد استخراج شده در این پژوهش می تواند در پیشگیری و کاهش این نوع قاچاق در استان ایلام منتج به نتیجه شود.

factors affecting cattle smuggling in the border regiment of dehlran

background and aim: smuggling has inflicted severe damage to the economic stability of the country and has created an environment for corruption in society. on the other hand, it is observed that cattle smuggling is being committed as an organized crime in the dehloran border area, and this issue needs to be examined within the framework of a scientific and structured research study. the aim of the present study is to identify the factors affecting cattle smuggling in the dehloran border area.methodology: this study is applied in its purpose and qualitative in nature, as well as exploratory in the manner of data collection and type. the data collection tool was in-depth interviews conducted with experts in border management, smuggling, and the customs office of ilam province. the validity of the data collection tool was confirmed through face validity and content validity, and its reliability was ensured by considering the consensus of the coders. the community of participants was determined through a theoretical saturation approach, totaling 14 individuals, and thematic analysis was used to analyze the obtained data through a three-level approach.results: the findings indicate that the factors affecting cattle smuggling in the dehloran border area have five main dimensions titled: welfare/livelihood factors, oversight factors, ethnic factors, legal factors, and transnational factors. it is emphasized that attention to these factors is essential for reducing cattle smuggling in the dehloran border area, and appropriate and related strategies and plans are needed.conclusion: considering that cattle smuggling is one of the significant challenges in border areas and has widespread consequences in economic, security, social, and environmental dimensions, prevention and combating this type of smuggling, especially its organized form, is of concern to both the people and the country’s officials. focusing on the dimensions extracted from this study can lead to preventing and reducing this type of smuggling in ilam province.extended abstractintroductionthe border guard command of ilam province, under the authority of the national border guard command, is one of the agencies responsible for combating various types of smuggling at the borders of ilam province. alongside the specific conditions in iraq concerning inadequate control over its borders, the price difference of essential goods within iraq compared to the islamic republic of iran has resulted in smugglers increasingly resorting to smuggling various livestock across the borders of ilam province in recent years. despite the complete intelligence oversight of the border units in dehloran, the confiscation of 29,407 heads of various livestock (sheep, goats, cows, buffaloes, etc.) during the period of (march 21, 2019) to (september 22, 2024) by the ilam province border guard command’s economic security directorate, intensified control measures, border closures to combat the abhorrent phenomenon of smuggling, the use of optical equipment in suspected areas of smuggler movement, the execution of targeted ambushes, the observance of monitoring considerations, and the continuous cooperation of border residents in discovering and combating this phenomenon, we still witness livestock smuggling in this area. considering the geographical conditions of the study area, the darkness of the night, and the new tactics of smugglers, which involve releasing livestock close to the border line towards iraqi territory in a targeted and organized manner, combating smugglers in this border strip has encountered challenges, necessitating comprehensive measures from the relevant authorities. to identify these mentioned factors, it is necessary to answer the main research question, which is: what are the effective factors in livestock smuggling in the dehloran border region?