Electrical Resistivity Measurement of the Molten Cordierite Glass Using Two-wire Method

Lead free potassium sodium niobate (knn) piezoceramics were synthesized via conventional solid state sintering route. tungsten oxide (wo_3) with nano and micron particles was used as a donor dopant. dielectric and piezoelectric properties of samples sintered in the temperature range of 1110°-1145°c were measured by precision lcr-meter and apc d33-meter devices. sem results revealed that micron wo_3 inhibited the grain growth of knn ceramics and led to a finer microstructure. knn with micron wo_3 had much finer microstructure and the sintering process terminated at higher temperature compared to pure knn and knn with nano wo_3. nano and micron sized wo_3 affected the densification and electrical properties of knn considerably. additionally, knn with nano wo_3 reached the maximum density at lower temperature compared to its counterpart. finally, at 1125ºc knn with 0.3 mol% nano sized wo_3 showed d_33, ε_r, tanδ, and q_m of 75 pc/n, 345, 2%, and 50, respectively. for knn sample with 0.3 mol% micron wo_3 at 1135ºc these values were 81 pc/n, 773, 3.3%, and 30, respectively.