The Relationship of Smartphone Addiction with Self-esteem and Self-consciousness among Girls in the First Year of High School

Background in recent years, an increasing number of studies have shown self-esteem and self-consciousness can be protective factors against smartphone addiction among adolescents. our study aims to investigate the relationship between smartphone addiction and self-esteem and self-consciousness among girls in their first year of high school. materials and methods: the samples of this cross-sectional included all the female first year students in tehran, iran, from 2019 to 20. the formula suggested by krejcie and morgan was used to measure the sample size (n=140), and stratified sampling was used for the collection of samples. the scale of smartphone addiction, the scale of coopersmith self-esteem, and the self-consciousness scale (revised version) were used. data were analyzed by spss software version 23.0. results: the total sample of the study included 140 girls with the mean age of 15.81 (0.63) years. the mean students' self-esteem was (34.58± 11.81). the correlation analysis indicated that self-esteem and self-consciousness (mr = -0.423, p<0.05) had a significant negative correlation with smartphone addiction among student. the results also showed a significant negative correlation between self-esteem and self-consciousness with smartphone addiction (p<0.05). the correlation coefficient between self-esteem and smartphone addiction was (r = 0.394, p<0.05) and the correlation coefficient between self-consciousness and smartphone addiction was (r = -0.293, p<0.05). conclusion based on the regression equation with the standard coefficients, self-esteem and self-consciousness had a positive effect on smartphone addiction in students. the findings also show that self-esteem predictors, compared to those of the self-consciousness, are better predictors for smartphone addiction.