non-dominated sorting bees algorithm for multi-objective train speed profile optimization

Considering various factors like energy consumption and travel time, speed profile optimization is regarded as a non-linear, complex multi-objective problem. in this paper, a novel approach based on the bees algorithm (ba) is proposed to solve train speed profile optimization. in this approach, ba is modified as a non-dominated sorting ba (nsba) which produces a population that conducts a semi-stochastic search algorithm to determine critical points for acceleration changes forming a raw template as a trajectory. afterward by local optimizations, the trajectory is amended to meet ending requirements. the simulation results indicate on effectiveness and excellence of the proposed method.