developing and validating a questionnaire to assess efl teachers' classroom-based assessment literacy

Classroom-based assessment (cba) as one of the constructs of formative assessment has been considered highly significant in recent years. consequently, various tools have been designed to investigate teachers` cba needs and deficiencies ignoring different levels of teachers` cba literacy. thus, the present study researchers developed and validated a classroom-based assessment literacy questionnaire (calq) to determine teachers` levels of cbal. to do so, an inclusive review of the literature was accomplished to retrieve major themes and components of cbal, and then a series of interviews were conducted with five assessment experts and 13 experienced efl teachers in accordance with pill and harding's (2013) model of lal, hill and mcnamara's (2012) scope and dimensions of cba in addition to teachers' assessment literacy beliefs. accordingly, a questionnaire (calq) including 41 items was developed. to inquire the reliability and validity of the calq, 318 efl teachers were selected through non-probability convenience sampling and asked to answer the questionnaire. the outcomes of the cronbach's alpha demonstrated a proper reliability index, and factor analysis products clarified that items loaded on six factors named as illiteracy (6 items); nominal literacy (11 items); functional literacy (6 items); procedural and conceptual literacy (6 items); multidimensional literacy (6 items); and assessment literacy beliefs (6 items). besides, calq is considered advantageous in assessing teachers' cbal and facilitating materials preparation to design instructional courses and develop efl teachers' cbal, based on the conclusions of structural equation modeling (sem), which proved that the model enjoyed good psychometric features.