برهان اِنّی در روش‌ علمی ابوریحان بیرونی

ابوریحان بیرونی دانشمند برجستۀ قرون چهارم و پنجم هجری رویکرد منحصر به فردی در علوم طبیعی داشت. در حالی که دانشمندان برجسته‌ای چون ابوعلی‌سینا روش‌های قیاسی و مبانی فلسفۀ ارسطو را در علوم طبیعی دارای اصالت تلقی می‌کردند، ابوریحان توجه بیشتری به براهین انّی که روش علوم ریاضی بود داشت. در این روشِ علمی می‌توان با نگاهی انتقادی به مبانی فلسفی نگریست و تعهدی به این و آن دستگاه فلسفی نداشت. بیرونی گرچه خود بسیاری از مبانی ارسطو را پذیرفته بود و عملاً در مقدمات علم نجوم اعمال کرده بود، اما همواره نگاهی انتقادی به آنها داشت و در برخی موارد به مرزهای علم تجربی، آن طور که در دورۀ انقلاب علمی در غرب می‌شناسیم، نزدیک شده بود. همچنین از ملزومات چنین نگرشی غیریقینی بودن علوم طبیعی است که سنخیت بسیاری با علوم طبیعی و تجربی به شکل جدید خود دارد. در این مقاله تلاش می‌کنیم رویکرد انّی بیرونی در علوم طبیعی را با چند نمونه و شرح آنها روشن کنیم.

a posteriori demonstration in al-bīrūnī’s scientific methodology

al-bīrūnī was a prominent scientist of the eleventh century with a specific approach to natural philosophy. unlike his other contemporary scientists and natural philosophers focusing on the a priori arguments, and demonstration through the cause, al-bīrūnī disliked such an approach. he had a critical view of this approach and tried to counter it, although it was not mainstream. in this paper, we will investigate some of his arguments through which his a posteriori approach will be reflected. al-bīrūnī was a prominent scientist of the eleventh century with a specific approach to natural philosophy. unlike his other contemporary scientists and natural philosophers focusing on the a priori arguments, and demonstration through the cause, al-bīrūnī disliked such an approach. he had a critical view of this approach and tried to counter it, although it was not mainstream. in this paper, we will investigate some of his arguments through which his a posteriori approach will be reflected. al-bīrūnī was a prominent scientist of the eleventh century with a specific approach to natural philosophy. unlike his other contemporary scientists and natural philosophers focusing on the a priori arguments, and demonstration through the cause, al-bīrūnī disliked such an approach. he had a critical view of this approach and tried to counter it, although it was not mainstream. in this paper, we will investigate some of his arguments through which his a posteriori approach will be reflected. al-bīrūnī was a prominent scientist of the eleventh century with a specific approach to natural philosophy. unlike his other contemporary scientists and natural philosophers focusing on the a priori arguments, and demonstration through the cause, al-bīrūnī disliked such an approach. he had a critical view of this approach and tried to counter it, although it was not mainstream. in this paper, we will investigate some of his arguments through which his a posteriori approach will be reflected.