تعیین ولع مصرف مواد مخدر براساس رفتار تنظیم هیجان، سرمایهٔ روان‌شناختی و سبک‌های حل مسئله در مردان معتاد 20تا 45 سال

زمینه ‌و‌ هدف: سوء‌مصرف مواد مخدر و شیوع آن از دغدغه‌های بسیار مهم جوامع امروزی به‌شمار می‌رود. هدف پژوهش حاضر تعیین ولع‌ مصرف مواد مخدر براساس رفتار تنظیم هیجان، سرمایهٔ ‌روان‌شناختی و سبک‌های حل ‌مسئله در معتادان تحت درمان بود. روش ‌بررسی: روش پژوهش حاضر از نوع همبستگی و مدل‌سازی معادلات ساختاری بود. جامعهٔ ‌آماری این پژوهش را معتادان تحت درمان در مراکز درمانی دولتی شهر بوشهر تشکیل دادند که در زمستان 1398 به این مراکز مراجعه کردند. نمونهٔ این پژوهش شامل 210 نفر از افرادی بود که ملاک‌های ورود به پژوهش و تمایل به مشارکت را داشتند و به‌روش نمونه‌گیری تصادفی انتخاب شدند. برای گردآوری داده‌ها از پرسشنامۀ ولع مصرف (صالحی فدردی و همکاران، 1389)، پرسشنامۀ تنظیم هیجان (گرتز و رومر، 2004)، پرسشنامۀ سرمایۀ روان‌شناختی (لوتانز و جنسن، 2007) و مقیاس سبک‌های حل مسئله (کسیدی و لانگ، 1996) استفاده شد. در این پژوهش، روش همبستگی پیرسون و مدل‌سازی معادلات ساختاری و نرم‌افزارهای آماری spss نسخهٔ 22 و amos نسخهٔ 22 به‌کار رفت. سطح معناداری در این پژوهش 0/05 در نظر گرفته شد. یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد که ضریب مسیر غیرمستقیم بین سرمایهٔ روان‌شناختی به ولع مصرف (0/001>p= 0/16-=β( و ضریب مسیر غیرمستقیم رفتار تنظیم هیجان به ولع مصرف (0/01>p= 0/30=β( با میانجی‌گری سبک‌های حل مسئله معنادار است. شاخص‌های نکویی برازش محاسبه‌شده 0/94=agfi و 0/049=rmsea مشخص کرد، سبک‌های حل مسئله در رابطهٔ بین ولع مصرف مواد مخدر، رفتار تنظیم هیجان و سرمایه روان‌شناختی نقش میانجی دارد. نتیجه‌گیری: براساس یافته‌های این پژوهش می‌توان نتیجه گرفت که رفتار تنظیم هیجان و سرمایهٔ روان‌شناختی با میانجی‌گری سبک‌های حل مسئله بر ولع مصرف مواد مخدر در معتادان پیش‌بینی‌شدنی است.

determining craving by emotion regulation and psychological capital mediated by problem-solving styles in substance-dependent males aged 20 to 45 years

background & objectives: drug use disorders are a pervasive and costly health problem worldwide. substance dependence is a brain disorder that causes malfunctions and morphological changes in the nervous system and the response mechanism to reward and pleasure. due to its progressive nature in all aspects of life, this issue threatens the health of the individual, family, and society. furthermore, its unpleasant consequences are among the major public health problems globally. due to maladaptive emotion regulation (er), psychological capital, and problem–solving styles in individuals with substance abuse, i.e., inefficient and poor for coping with various problems of life, these patterns seem to increase the tendency to substance use, as well as psychosocial complications. thus, the present study aimed to determine craving based on er, psychological capital, and problem–solving styles in patients under substance dependence treatment.methods: this was a correlational and structural equation modeling study. the statistical population of this study included patients under substance dependence treatment referring to the public healthcare centers in bushehr city, iran, in the winter of 2019. for sampling, first, 7 centers were randomly selected among the medical centers of bushehr. then, from each center, 30 individuals who met the inclusion criteria were randomly selected. to determine the sample size, considering the research methodology, 10 to 15 subjects were required per obvious variable. accordingly, based on the considered variables, 210 samples were selected by the random sampling method. inclusion criteria were an age range of 20 to 45 years; referral to a psychiatrist or physician given the main and initial diagnosis of substance dependence according to the diagnostic criteria of the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders–fourth editing–third revision (dsm–iv–tr); male gender; >1 week past successful detoxification and negative urine test for opioids; not taking antipsychotic drugs; not having biopsychological problems; not concurrently participating in other treatment programs, and not having long–term dependence on several substances simultaneously other than opiates. the required data were collected using the drug craving questionnaire (salehi fadardi et al., 2010), emotion regulation scale (gretz & roemer, 2004), psychological capital questionnaire (luthans & jensen, 2007), and problem–solving styles scale (cassidy and long, 1996). in this study, regression analysis and path analysis were used to test the hypotheses. spss and amos were also applied for data analysis.results: the obtained findings indicated that the total path coefficient (the sum of direct & indirect path coefficients) between psychological capital to craving (p<0.001, β=–0.37) was negative and significant. moreover, the total path coefficient between er to craving (p<0.001, β=0.44) was positive and significant. direct path coefficients between psychological capital in problem–solving style (p<0.001, β=0.47) as well as er in problem–solving style (p<0.001, β=0.33) was positive and significant. besides, the path coefficient between problem–solving style to craving (p <0.001, β = –0.29) was negative and significant. the indirect path coefficient between psychological capital to craving (p<0.001, β=–0.16) and the indirect path coefficient between er to craving (p<0.01, β=0.30) was significant. in other words, the problem–solving style mediates the relationship between psychological capital, er, and craving. the calculated goodness of fit indices presented that problem–solving styles mediated the relationship between craving, er, and psychological capital (agfi=0.94, rmsea=0.049).conclusion: based on the present study findings, er and psychological capital can be predicted by mediating problem–solving styles on drug craving in individuals with substance dependence.