ساخت و اعتباریابی مقیاس اضطراب مادران کودکان مبتلا به لکنت ‌زبان

زمینه و هدف: مشکلات گفتاری کودکان مبتلا به لکنت ‌زبان، باعث اضطراب در مادرانشان می‌شود. باتوجه به نبود مقیاسی برای اندازه‌گیری اضطراب این دسته از مادران به زبان فارسی، این پژوهش با هدف ساخت و اعتباریابی مقیاس اضطراب مادران کودکان مبتلا به لکنت ‌‌زبان انجام شد.روش‌بررسی: این پژوهش از نوع زمینه‌یابی (شناسایی ویژگی‌های اضطراب مادران کودکان مبتلا به لکنت) و ابزارسازی (ساخت و اعتباریابی مقیاس اضطراب مادران کودکان مبتلا به لکنت برپایهٔ آزمون‌سازی مورفی و دیویدشوفر (2005) و مطالعهٔ مقاله‌های چاپ‌شده در این زمینه) بود. جامعهٔ آماری را تمامی مادران کودکان مبتلا به لکنت ‌زبان در شهر اصفهان در سال 1398 تشکیل دادند. دویست مادر دارای کودک مبتلا به لکنت با روش نمونه‌گیری دردسترس انتخاب شدند. ابزارهای پژوهش شامل مقیاس محقق‌ساختهٔ اضطراب مادران این کودکان، مقیاس استرس والدینی آبیدین (آبیدین، 1995) و پرسش‌نامۀ اضطراب بک (بک و همکاران، 1988) بود. داده‌ها به‌کمک آمار توصیفی (میانگین و انحراف معیار) و استنباطی (آلفای کرونباخ، همبستگی پیرسون، تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی و همبستگی درون‌خوشه‌ای) تحلیل شدند و محاسبات با نرم‌افزار spss نسخۀ 22 در سطح معناداری 0٫05 انجام پذیرفت. یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد، همسانی درونی (0٫943=α) و پایایی بازآزمایی مقیاس (p=0.001، icc=0.822) مناسب بود. همبستگی مثبت و معنادار این مقیاس با مقیاس استرس والدینی (r=0.316 ، p=0.036) و پرسش‌نامۀ اضطراب بک (0٫020=p، 0٫360=r)، روایی همگرای مقیاس را نشان داد؛ بنابراین روایی سازهٔ آن به تایید رسید. تحلیل گویه‌های این مقیاس ازطریق تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی مشخص کرد، دو عامل کلی اضطراب مادرمحور با پنج گویه (0٫965=r، 0٫001=p) و اضطراب فرزندمحور با نُه گویه (p=0.001، r=0.716) با نمرهٔ کل مقیاس رابطهٔ معنادار داشتند که نشان می‌دهد، سوالات در این مقیاس به دو عامل محدود می‌شود و این نکته موید هماهنگی سوالات است. نتیجه‌گیری: یافته‌های پژوهش حاضر نشان داد، مقیاس محقق‌ساختهٔ اضطراب مادران کودکان مبتلا به لکنت دارای ویژگی‌های مطلوب روان‌سنجی است و می‌توان از آن برای مقاصد پژوهشی، آموزشی و درمانی بهره گرفت.

development and validation of mothers’ anxiety scale of children with stuttering disorder

background & objectives: stuttering is children’s most prevalent verbal disorder and the most frequent speech disorder. the role of parents has always been considered among causes, such as heredity, brain damage, and emotions, including fear and anxiety. a proper mother–child relationship can help the child develop speech and prevent undesirable social relationships. however, social and environmental effects can lead to anxiety and stress in mother and child. moreover, children and adolescents with stuttering might encounter anxiety, depression, and distance from the community and school. the mothers of children with stuttering experience more stress than those of typically developing children. they are more sensitive to their child’s ability to speak properly. this can lead to psychological problems, such as anxiety, anger, depression, and poor cognitive function in these mothers. considering this problem in mothers and the need to reduce it among mothers, it was necessary to evaluate it by constructing a valid scale; thus, the present study aimed to construct and validate the mothers’ anxiety scale of children with stuttering.methods: this survey identified effective anxiety characteristics by creating and validating a scale for measuring the characteristics of mothers’ anxiety of children with a stuttering disorder based on murphy and davidshofer’s testing (2005). the study’s statistical population consisted of all mothers of children with the stuttering disorder in isfahan city, iran, in 2019. after studying sources related to anxiety in the mothers of children with the stuttering disorder to investigate general and structural factors, 15 mothers of children with stuttering disorder were selected through a random sampling method; they were interviewed in a semi–structural model. after analyzing the obtained data by content analysis method, 14 questions were designed, i.e., answered on a 5–point likert–type scale (from completely disagree to completely agree). next, the statistical sample consisted of 200 subjects selected by the convenience sampling method. the measurement tools were the mothers of children with stuttering disorder scale, parenting stress scale (abidin, 1995), and beck anxiety inventory (beck et al., 1988). the obtained data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean & standard deviation) and inferential statistics (cronbach’s alpha, pearson correlation coefficient, exploratory factor analysis, intrinsic cluster correlation) in spss at the significance level of 0.05. results: the collected findings indicated that internal consistency (α=0.943) and reliability of retesting of the scale (p=0.001, icc=0.822) were appropriate. there were positive and significant correlations between this scale and the beck anxiety inventory (r=0.360, p=0.020) and parental stress scale (r=0.316 p=0.036), indicating the probable convergent validity of this scale. the exploratory factor analysis data also revealed two factors, mother–mother– focused anxiety (p=0.001, r=0.965) (5 items; concerning about insufficient efforts to treat stuttering in the child with stuttering disorder, appropriate behavior to the child with stuttering disorder, getting others’ attention, the curiosity of others and judging by individuals because of the child with stuttering disorder ) and anxiety concerning children with stuttering (p=0.001, r=0.716) (9 items; being ridiculed by the others or children, the child’s ability to convey his/her message to others, the child’s ability to defend his or her rights, the child’s ability to have friends in school and in the community, the child being considered poor and teachers’ neglect of the child’s educational status, teachers’ neglect of the child, the child’s ability to achieve his or her desired position in society, the child not being treated, exacerbating the child’s stuttering in the certain conditions) had a significant relationship with the total score. thus, the coordination of questions was appropriate.  conclusion: the present study results suggested that the researcher–made scale the mothers’ anxiety of children with stuttering disorder has desirable psychometric properties; therefore, it can be used for research, educational and therapeutic purposes.