بررسی اثر برنامهٔ چندحسی خانواده ‌محور بر مهارت خواندن، درک مطلب و عملکرد اجتماعی دانش ‌آموزان 8 الی 9سالهٔ دارای اختلال یادگیری خاص

زمینه و هدف: اختلال یادگیری ازجمله مشکلات دانش‌آموزان در حال تحصیل است. هدف پژوهش حاضر بررسی اثربخشی برنامهٔ چندحسی خانواده‌محور بر مهارت خواندن، درک مطلب و عملکرد اجتماعی دانش‌آموزان دارای اختلال یادگیری خاص بود. روش‌بررسی: این پژوهش از نظر هدف، کاربردی و از نظر روش، نیمه‌آزمایشی با طرح پیش‌آزمون و پس‌آزمون همراه با گروه گواه و گروه آزمایش بود. جامعهٔ آماری پژوهش را تمامی دانش‌آموزان مراجعه‌کننده به مراکز اختلالات یادگیری شهرستان قروه تشکیل دادند. بیست‌و‌هشت دانش‌آموز داوطلب دارای اختلال یادگیری به‌شیوهٔ دردسترس به‌عنوان نمونه انتخاب شدند و به‌صورت تصادفی در دو گروه آزمایش و گواه (هر گروه چهارده نفر) قرار گرفتند. گروه آزمایش، آموزش برنامهٔ چندحسی خانواده‌محور را دریافت کرد؛ اما برای گروه گواه این آموزش ارائه نشد. جمع‌آوری داده‌ها با استفاده از آزمون هوش کودکان (وکسلر، 2003)، پرسش‌نامهٔ مهارت اجتماعی (گرشام و الیوت، 1990) و آزمون نارساخوانی (کرمی و مرادی، 2001) در پیش‌آزمون و پس‌آزمون صورت گرفت. ابتدا شانزده جلسهٔ توجیهی برای والدین برگزار شد. قبل از شروع آموزش، از گروه‌ آزمایش و گروه گواه پیش‌آزمون گرفته شد. سپس آموزش برنامهٔ چندحسی خانواده‌محور در گروه آزمایش در شانزده جلسهٔ 45دقیقه‌ای اجرا گردید. بعد از اجرای آموزش، پس‌آزمون از دو گروه آزمایش و گواه گرفته شد تا تفاوت حاصل از متغیر مستقل روی گروه آزمایش به‌دست آید. تجزیه‌وتحلیل داده‌های پژوهش با استفاده از نرم‌افزار spss صورت گرفت. تحلیل داده‌ها با روش تحلیل کوواریانس در نرم‌افزار spss نسخهٔ 21 در سطح معنا‌داری 0٫05 انجام شد. یافته‌ها: براساس نتایج آزمون تحلیل کوواریانس تک‌متغیره، آموزش متغیر مستقل (برنامهٔ چندحسی خانواده‌محور) توانست منجربه ایجاد تفاوت معنادار میانگین نمرات متغیرهای وابسته (مهارت خواندن، درک مطلب، عملکرد اجتماعی دانش‌آموزان) در مرحلهٔ پس‌آزمون شود. مقدار تاثیر آموزش برنامهٔ چندحسی خانواده‌محور بر متغیرهای مهارت خواندن، درک مطلب و عملکرد اجتماعی دانش‌آموزان به‌ترتیب 0٫32، 0٫65 و 0٫36 بود (0٫001>p). نتیجه‌گیری‌: استفاده از برنامهٔ چند‌حسی ‌خانواده‌محور می‌تواند‌ به کاهش مشکلات نارساخوانی، بهبود وضعیت مهارت اجتماعی و درک مطلب کودکان دارای اختلال یادگیری خاص کمک کند.

the effects of family-centered multisensory program on reading skills, comprehension and social performance in 8-9-year-old students with special learning disabilities

background & objectives: some factors challenge the learning process for students, including a specific learning disability (sld). samuel kirk first noticed this disorder in 1963. human resources have been added to it, and scholars concluded that slds are pretty different from mental disabilities. therefore, to prevent thematic sputum, learning disability was limited to 3 topics; dyslexia (reading skills), math disorder, and writing disorder. since then, it has been known as an sld. this division caused the spectrum of sld students to be separated from the spectrum of children with biopsychological disabilities. over time, special training was developed to improve their condition. sld is among the problems of ordinary students in education. diagnosing learning disorders was very difficult until formal training began. therefore, with its initiation and lack of academic achievement of students with slds, teachers and instructors will imagine that they are low–profile students if this is merely an impairment that can be improved. the lack of accurate and timely identification of these students from trainers and teachers. another factor in criticizing their academic status is that the disorder can also emerge from other problems such as social skills and understanding. students have survived the competition for competition in school; thus, they did not attempt to improve and separate their peers from their peers. therefore, various tools for enhancing the academic status of students with slds have been presented; however, each has limitations. the current study aimed to investigate the effects of family–centered multibased programs on reading skills, understing, and social performance in sld students.methods: this was a quasi–experimental study with pretest–posttest and a control group design. the statistical population was all knowledge (both genders) referring to two centers of learning disorder of qorveh city, iran. the research sample consisted of 28 volunteers with slds and dyslexia, i.e., obtained by a random sampling method and randomly divided into the experimental and control group. first, to differentiate students with slds from other disorders, the wechsler 4 test was performed among all students to determine the iq score and active memory score of students. to identify students with slds, the scores that differed from the full scale by 12 points were separated and marked as students with slds. then, by performing a dyslexia test, among the marked students, students with slds and reading difficulties were identified (n=28). they were divided into the control and experimental groups (n=14/group). next, while maintaining the wechsler test and dyslexia as a pretest for each member, the social skills test was taken as another pretest. to conduct research and encourage cooperation from the subjects, consent was obtained from the parents to play a central role in teaching in the present study of the family. therefore, for justifying them, 16 sessions were first held for parents of the experimental group, and they became acquainted with all stages of family–centered multisensory training. then, only for the experimental group, the sixteen–session of 45 minutes of education was based on multiple sensory bases by the families.meanwhile, the researcher was in the training of students in students and the family intervention. wechsler intelligence scale collected data for children (2003), social skills (gersham and elliott, 1990), and dyslexia test (karami and moradi, 2001) in pretest and posttest stages. after training, a posttest was performed on the experimental and control groups to obtain the difference in the independent variable on the experimental group. the collected data were analyzed in spss by analysis of covariance (ancova) at a significant level of 0.05.results: the ancova results indicated that education (family–centered multisensory program) could lead to a significant difference in the mean scores of dependent variables (reading skills, comprehension, and students’ social performance) in the posttest stage. the effect of family–centered multisensory training on students’ reading, comprehension, and social performance was 0.32, 0.65, and 0.36, respectively (p<0.001).conclusion: according to the research findings, students with slds can progress in academic and social skills using a family–based multisensory program. therefore, with the implementation of dyslexic problems, improving the social skills and understanding of children with slds in the experimental group was observed.