مقایسهٔ اثربخشی مداخلهٔ حضور پویا در لحظهٔ لانگر و مبتنی‌بر مدیتیشن بر کاهش علائم اضطرابی در بازپروری معتادان

زمینه و هدف: اعتیاد، یکی از مشکلات بسیار مهم عصر حاضر با گسترهٔ جهانی است؛ مشکلی که میلیون‌ها زندگی را ویران ساخته و سرمایه‌های کلان ملی را صرف هزینهٔ مبارزه، درمان و صدمات ناشی از آن می‌نماید. پژوهش حاضر با هدف مقایسهٔ اثر بخشی مداخلهٔ حضور پویا در لحظهٔ لانگر و مبتنی‌بر مدیتیشن بر کاهش علائم اضطرابی در بازپروری معتادان طراحی و اجرا شد.روش‌بررسی: پژوهش حاضر به روش نیمه‌آزمایشی از نوع پیش‌آزمون-پس‌آزمون با گروه گواه انجام شد. جامعهٔ پژوهش حاضر افراد مبتلا به اعتیاد شهرستان‌های: دزفول (12 نفر)، اندیمشک (8 نفر)، شوش (6 نفر) و شوشتر (4 نفر) بود که به صورت بستری یا سرپایی به کمپ ترک اعتیاد «سلام زندگی» واقع در شهرستان اندیمشک مراجعه نموده بودند. از میان حضوریافتگان پس از احراز شرایط ورودی و خروجی تعداد 30 نفر به صورت نمونه‌گیری غیرتصادفی هدفمند انتخاب شده و به‌صورت تصادفی در دوگروه آزمایش (حضور پویا در لحظهٔ لانگر و مبتنی‌بر مدیتیشن) و یک گروه گواه گمارده شدند (هر گروه 10 نفر)، این نمونه‌گیری از فروردین 98 آغاز شد و مداخله به‌مدت 8 هفته طول کشید. از آزمون کوواریانس جهت تحلیل داده‌های پژوهش در سطح معناداری 0٫05 استفاده شد.یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد میانگین اضطراب گروه آزمایش اول «حضور پویا در لحظهٔ لانگر» از 86٫9 به 74٫3 و میانگین اضطراب گروه آزمایش دوم «حضور پویا در لحظهٔ مبتنی‌بر مدیتیشن» از 84٫7 به 73٫2 کاهش پیدا کرد. تحلیل کوواریانس نشان داد که پس از حذف اثر پیش‌آزمون، میانگین نمرات پس‌آزمون دو گروه اختلاف آماری معناداری دارند (0٫001>p).نتیجه‌گیری: این مطالعه نشان می‌دهد که انجام درمان‌های گروهی مبتنی‌بر حضور ذهن می‌تواند در وضعیت سلامت روان معتادان خصوصاً در مرحلهٔ بازپروری اثرات مفیدی داشته باشد؛ لهذا می‌توان به‌عنوان رویکردی پیشگیرانه به آن نگاه کرد.

Comparison of the Effectiveness of Langer’s Mindfulness and Meditational-based Mindfulness Interventions on reducing anxiety Symptoms in rehabilitation of addicts

Background & Objective: Addiction is one of the most critical problems of the modern era that has found its way worldwide. It has therefore been introduced as an acute reversible problem. Substance abuse disorders and their severe and unpleasant consequences are considered as one of the most important mental and physical health risks worldwide. These disorders are associated with many serious medical, psychiatric, family, occupational, legal, spiritual, and moral problems. Anxiety disorders are one of the most common mental disorders. Regardless of diagnostic criteria, anxiety is experienced by almost everyone as an emotional state. For this reason, research attention to this disorder is warranted. The dynamic presence of the moment defined as the arousal’s state and awareness of what is happening in the present moment.  The presence of a new approach in the field of psychology is dynamic at the moment, and research into the effects of such interventions on the reduction of symptoms of psychiatric disorders in addicts has rarely been done, the necessity of investigating its effectiveness can lead to a new development in psychotherapy. The purpose of this study was to Comparison of the Effectiveness of Langer’s Mindfulness and Meditational-based Mindfulness Interventions on reducing anxiety Symptoms in the rehabilitation of addicts.Methods: The present study was a quasi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test with control group. The study population consisted of people with addiction in: Dezful (12 people), Andimeshk (20 people), Shoosh (6 people) and Shooshtar (4 people) cities who had been referred to ‘Hi Life’ camp in Andimeshk county as hospitalized or outpatient. Thirty people were selected by purposive non-random sampling and were randomly assigned to two experimental and one control group (each group 10). Intervention started in March 2019 and lasted for 8 weeks. Three groups of Langer, Meditation and Control group were tested with Beck Anxiety inventory during one month follow up. This questionnaire has high validity. Its internal consistency coefficient was 0.92, its validity by test with one-week interval was 0.75, and its correlation coefficients ranged from 0.30 to 0.76.Results: The mean score of anxiety in the first experiment group (Langer’s Mindfulness) changed from (86.9) to (74.3) and the mean anxiety of the second experiment group (Meditational-based Mindfulness) changed from (84.7) to (73.2). Thus, the scores of the two experimental groups (Langer’s Mindfulness and Meditational-based Mindfulness) decreased in the post-test compared to the pre-test. However, this change is not seen for the control group. Covariance analysis was used to examine the significance of this difference, and then the covariance analysis assumptions were analyzed. First, the assumption of equality of variances using Leven’s test showed that the experimental and control groups were homogeneous in terms of variances after the experimental intervention (in the pre-test phase). Analysis of covariance showed that after eliminating the pre-test effect, the mean scores of the post-test were significantly different between the two groups (p<0.001). Therefore, Langer’s Mindfulness group (0.64) and Meditational-based Mindfulness group (0.61) interventions were effective in reducing anxiety symptoms in addicts.Conclusion: Finally, in explaining the two methods of Langer’s Mindfulness and Meditational-based Mindfulness, it can be argued that these organized interventions attempt to integrate the component of Mindfulness with current cognitive behavioral therapy and as a tool to guide vulnerable individuals to anxiety disorders. The title of the most common mental disorders has been designed and a simple way to decentralize or stop the relapse of reuse thoughts in addicts. The results indicated that the effectiveness of Langer’s Mindfulness is more effective than Meditational-based Mindfulness in reducing anxiety symptoms in the addict’s rehabilitation. Therefore, Mindfulness based group Therapy can have beneficial effects on the mental health of addicts, especially in the rehabilitation phase, and can be viewed as a preventive approach.