مقایسهٔ ویژگی‌های شخصیتی در زنان با و بدون دیابت نوع دوم

زمینه و هدف: دیابت یکی از علل عمدهٔ بیماری‌زایی و مرگ‌ومیر و افزایش هزینه‌های خدمات بهداشتی در سرتاسر جهان به‌شمار می‌رود. بر این اساس، هدف از مطالعۀ حاضر مقایسهٔ ویژگی‌های شخصیتی در زنان با و بدون دیابت نوع دوم بود.روش‌بررسی: این پژوهش به‌صورت علّی-مقایسه‌ای از نوع مقطعی با روش نمونه‌گیری دردسترس روی 90 زن مبتلا به دیابت نوع دوم و 90 زن بدون دیابت مراجعه‌کننده به انجمن دیابت شهر کرج در سال 1397 انجام شد. ابزار‌ به‌کاررفته پرسشنامهٔ تجدیدنظرشدهٔ شخصیت پنج‌عاملی کاستا و مک‌کری بود. در مطالعهٔ حاضر، از تحلیل واریانس چندمتغیره (مانووا) در سطح معنا‌داری 0٫05 و نرم‌افزار spss نسخهٔ 24 استفاده شد.یافته‌ها: نتایج تحلیل واریانس چندمتغیره نشان داد که ویژگی‌های شخصیتی بین دو گروه زنان با و بدون دیابت نوع دوم تفاوت معناداری دارد (0٫001> p). به این صورت که میانگین نمرهٔ روان‌رنجورخویی در زنان با دیابت نوع دوم به‌طور معناداری بیشتر از زنان بدون دیابت است. همچنین میانگین نمرهٔ برون‌گرایی، گشودگی نسبت به تجربه، مقبولیت و وظیفه‌شناسی در زنان با دیابت نوع دوم به‌طور معناداری کمتر از زنان بدون دیابت است (0٫001>p). نتیجه‌گیری: برپایهٔ یافته‌های این پژوهش می‌توان گفت که این نتایج تلویحات مهمی در مسائل روان‌شناختی و آسیب‏شناسی بیماری دیابت دارد. بر این اساس، روان‌شناسان بالینی و مشاوره می‌توانند از نتایج تحقیق برای پیشگیری و درمان مشکلات شخصیتی ناشی‌از بیماری دیابت استفاده کنند. 

The Comparison of Personality Characteristics in Women with Diabetes Type II and Normal Women

Background & Objectives: Diabetes is a chronic disease of the endocrine metabolism, i.e., associated with the body’s inability to metabolize glucose effectively. Types 1 and 2 diabetes are the most frequent types of this disease, requiring long–term treatment; of the most important complications are psychological and personality disorders that negatively affect the patient’s ability to receive and maintain medical care. Regarding the spread of diabetes in Iran and other countries, efforts and measures to prevent, control, and cure this disease are often focused on medical and pharmaceutical care; but, the psychological and personality factors have been less considered. Therefore, exploring personality traits to recognize the factors associated with diabetes can help to identify those who are susceptible to this disorder. It could also be beneficial in the prevention, incidence control, and treatment of patients. Recognizing personality traits in diabetic and healthy people is of importance; accordingly, the current results could be used in plans for the elaboration of a healthy lifestyle and prevent the development of chronic diseases, like diabetes. Some personality traits are related to the type of nutrition and unhealthy lifestyle; thus, conducting such research is inevitable. According to the literature, data comparing personality characteristics in women with and without type 2 diabetes are scarce. Theoretically, the present study results could enhance the understanding of personality factors affecting type 2 diabetes. Practically, special attention should be paid to personality traits for the proper prevention and screening of diabetic patients. Furthermore, neuroticism, extroversion, openness to experience, agreeableness, and conscientiousness play an inhibitory role in the incidence of type 2 diabetes. Therefore, based on these characteristics, the occurrence and non–occurrence of diabetes mellitus can be relatively predicted based on the other associating factors. Diabetes is a major cause of morbidity, mortality, and increased healthcare costs worldwide. Accordingly, the present study compared personality characteristics of women with type II diabetes and their healthy counterparts.Methods: Using a convenience sampling method, this cross–sectional study was conducted on 90 women with type 2 diabetes, referring to the Diabetes Association in Karaj City, Iran, in 2017 as well as 90 healthy women as the control group. The Revised NEO Personality Inventory by Costa and McCrea was applied to collect data. In addition, Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) was used for data analysis in SPSS at a significance level of α=0.05.Results: The MANOVA results suggested a significant difference between personality characteristics in women with type 2 diabetes and healthy women (p<0.001). Besides, the mean scores of neuroticism in women with type 2 diabetes were significantly higher than those of their healthy counterparts. Moreover, extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness, and conscientiousness values in women with type 2 diabetes were significantly lower than those of the healthy subjects (p<0.001).Conclusion: The study findings have significant implications for the pathology of type 2 diabetes. Accordingly, professionals in clinical psychology and counseling could use these results for the prevention and treatment of personality problems caused by type 2 diabetes.