اثربخشی درمان هیجان‌مدار بر شادکامی زناشویی و عملکرد جنسی زوجین

زمینه‌ و‌ هدف: با توجه به ماهیت پیچیدۀ روابط زناشویی و تاثیر هیجان‌ها، نیازها، ترس‌ها و دلبستگی بر روابط زوج‌ها، ضروری است مداخلات موثری برای کمک به زوج‌ها انجام شود؛ بنابراین هدف از انجام پژوهش حاضر، بررسی اثربخشی درمان هیجان‌مدار بر شادکامی زناشویی و عملکرد جنسی زوجین بود. روش‌بررسی: روش پژوهش نیمه‌آزمایشی با طرح پیش‌آزمون و پس‌آزمون و پیگیری با گروه گواه بود. جامعهٔ آماری را تمامی زوجین شهر تهران در سال 1398 تشکیل دادند که از بین آن‌ها سی زوج به‌روش نمونه‌گیری دردسترس انتخاب شدند. سپس به‌صورت تصادفی در گروه آزمایش (پانزده زوج) و گروه گواه (پانزده زوج) قرار گرفتند. داده‌ها با استفاده از شاخص عملکرد جنسی زنان (روزن و همکاران، 2000)، شاخص بین‌المللی ارزیابی عملکرد جنسی مردان (روزن و همکاران، 1997) و مقیاس شادمانی زناشویی (آزرین و همکاران، 1973) جمع‌آوری شد. گروه آموزش درمان هیجان‌مدار را براساس بستۀ آموزشی جانسون و همکاران (1999) طی یازده جلسهٔ دوساعته دریافت کرد؛ درحالی‌که برای گروه گواه مداخله‌ای ارائه نشد. برای تحلیل داده‌ها از آزمون تحلیل واریانس با اندازه‌گیری مکرر و آزمون تعقیبی بونفرونی در نرم‌‌افزار spss نسخۀ 22 به‌کار رفت. سطح معناداری آزمون‌ها 0٫05 در نظر گرفته شد. یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد که درمان هیجان‌مدار موجب بهبود نمرات شادکامی زناشویی، عملکرد جنسی مردان و عملکرد جنسی زنان در گروه آزمایش شد (0٫001>p)؛ همچنین اثربخشی زوج‌درمانی هیجان‌مدار در مرحلهٔ پیگیری برای دو متغیر شادکامی و عملکرد جنسی مردان افزایش معنا‌داری داشت (0٫001>p)؛ اما برای متغیر عملکرد جنسی زنان ماندگار بود (0٫486=p). نتیجه‌گیری: براساس یافته‌های این پژوهش، درمان هیجان‌مدار روشی موثر برای افزایش شادکامی زناشویی و عملکرد جنسی زوجین است.

The Effects of Emotion-Focused Therapy on Marital Happiness and Sexual Functioning

Background & Objectives: Marriage and specifically emotional exchange between couples is among the strongest positive emotions and can increase their happiness. Marital Happiness (MH) is the main factor in predicting overall happiness in men and women. Given the complex nature of marital relationships and the effects of emotions, needs, fears, and attachments on couples’ relationships, it is essential to develop effective interventions to help couples. Furthermore, numerous couples seek help from couple therapists and family counselors due to problems related to MH and Sexual Functioning (SF). Therefore, to treat and solve marital problems, effective methods on MH and SF should be revived. This study aimed to survey the effects of Emotion–Focused Therapy (EFT) on MH and SF.Methods: This was a quasi–experimental study with a pretest–posttest–follow–up and a control group design. The statistical population of the present study consisted of all couples in Tehran City, Iran, in 2019. The study participants were selected by the convenience sampling method. The sample size was calculated by G*Power software. The required number of samples was calculated based on similar studies, considering the effect size of 0.40, confidence level of 0.95, test power of 0.80, and the rate of loss of 10% per group of 15 subjects. The study samples included 30 couples who obtained scores below the cut–off point in the questionnaires, including the Female Sexual Function Index (score 26), the International Index of Erectile Function (lower than score 35), and the Marital Happiness Scale (score 50). The study participants who met the inclusion/exclusion criteria of the research were recruited from psychology clinics and randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups (n=15 couples/group). The study groups were matched in terms of age, gender, and educational level. The inclusion criteria of the research were couples who have been married for 3–10 years; a minimum diploma education; no biopsychological problems, and volunteering to participate in the research. Besides, the exclusion criterion was the non–observance of the group rules, i.e., stated in the first session and absence from >1 sessions. The research tools were conducted in pretest, posttest, and follow–up phases. After completing the pretest, the intervention group received 11 two–hour weekly sessions based on Johnson et al.’s (1999) training package; however, the controls received no intervention during this period. The repeated–measures Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Bonferroni posthoc test were used in SPSS for data analysis. The significance level of the tests was set at 0.05.Results: The obtained results indicated that the ANOVA data of MH was significant for time effect (p<0.001) and group effect (p<0.001) and the effect size of a group intervention for MH equaled 0.64; Additionally, ANOVA data of male’s SF for time effect (p<0.001) and group effect (p<0.001) was significant and the effect of a group intervention for male SF was measured as 0.44. Additionally, ANOVA data of female’s SF was significant for time effect (p<0.001) and group effect (p<0.001), and the effect size of a group intervention for female’s SF was equal to 0.59. Thus, MH and SF of men and women suggested a significant difference between the experimental and control groups during the research stages, which indicated the effect of the intervention. Furthermore, the posttest scores of MH in the experimental group were higher than those of the pretest (p<0.001). The follow–up scores of MH were significantly different from those of the pretest and posttest stages (p<0.001). Moreover, the posttest scores of male’s SF in the experimental group were higher than that of the pretest (p<0.001). Male’s SF follow–up scores were significantly different from those of the pretest and posttest stages (p<0.001). Additionally, the posttest scores of female’s SF in the experimental group were lower than those in the pretest (p<0.001). Female’s SF scores of the follow–up stage were significantly different from the pretest stage (p<0.001); however, no significant difference was observed between the posttest and follow–up stages (p=0.486). The collected results signified the effectiveness of EF couple therapy in the follow–up phase concerning MH and SF, i..e, significantly increased and continued. However, it remained stable for women’s SF. Conclusion: Based on the present study findings, EFT is an effective method to increase MH and SF in couples. Therefore, it is recommended that counselors and therapists use EF couple therapy to improve MH and SF in couples.