پیش‌بینی آسیب‌های غیرعمدی دوران کودکی براساس کنترل بازداری و تکانشگری باتوجه به نقش جنسیت

زمینه و هدف: پژوهش حاضر باهدف پیش‌بینی آسیب‌های غیرعمدی دوران کودکی براساس کنترل بازداری و تکانشگری باتوجه به نقش جنسیت صورت پذیرفت.روش‌بررسی: پژوهش حاضر توصیفی از نوع همبستگی بود. از بین جامعهٔ آماری دانش‌آموزان مقطع ابتدایی شهر تبریز در سال تحصیلی 1398-1397 تعداد 140 نفر دانش‌آموز به‌صورت تصادفی خوشه‌ای چندمرحله‌ای به‌عنوان گروه نمونه انتخاب شدند. ابزارهای استفاده‌شده شامل آزمون خطرپذیری بادکنکی (bart) (لجوئز، 2002) و پرسشنامهٔ سنجش سوانح (miss) (پترسون و سالدانا و هیبلوم، 1996) و آزمون عملکرد پیوسته (cpt) (رازولد و همکاران، 1956) بود. یافته‌ها: نتایج تحلیل رگرسیون نشان داد که متغیر کنترل بازداری با بتای استاندارد معادل 0٫41 اولین متغیر معنادار پیش‌بینی‌کنندهٔ آسیب‌دیدگی غیرعمد است؛ همچنین در مراتب دوم و سوم به‌ترتیب متغیرهای جنسیت با بتای استاندارد 0٫32 و تکانشگری با بتای استاندارد 0٫24 معنادار برای آسیب‌های غیرعمد کودکان است. تفاوت میزان آسیب‌دیدگی غیرعمد در دختران و پسران نیز از نظر آماری به‌صورت معنا‌دار به‌دست آمد (0٫05>p). باتوجه به اینکه میانگین آسیب غیرعمد در بین پسران (40٫03) بیشتر از دختران (26٫03) بوده، میزان آسیب‌‌دیدگی غیرعمد در پسران بیشتر از دختران است.نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج حاکی‌از اهمیت توجه به کنترل بازداری و تکانشگری برای پیشگیری و پیش‌بینی آسیب‌های غیرعمد دوران کودکی است. همچنین نتایج نشان داد که پسران بیشتر از دختران درمعرض آسیب‌های غیرعمد هستند؛ به این معنا که داشتن جنسیت مذکر، وقوع آسیب‌های غیرعمدی را تسهیل کرده و داشتن جنسیت مونث وقوع آسیب‌های غیرعمدی را بازداری می‌کند.

Predicting Unintentional Injuries in Children Based on Inhibitory Control and Impulsivity Concerning Gender

Background & Objectives: Childhood injuries are a growing global public health problem. Every day, the lives of >2000 families are adversely affected annually by the loss of a child due to an unintentional injury or accidents, i.e., preventable. Once children reach the age of 5 years, unintentional injuries are the most significant threat to their survival. Unintentional injuries are also a major cause of disabilities, which could have a long–lasting impact on all aspects of children’s lives; relationships, learning and playing. Alongside the call for ideal preventative measures, there is, a subsequent obvious and pressing necessity to identify groups more prone to be involved in accidents and at higher risks for injury, compared to their peers. This article investigated behavioral risk factors for pediatric unintentional injury risk, with a particular focus on impulsivity and inhibitory control and the role of gender. Methods: This was a correlational research. The statistical population of this study was all elementary students of Tabriz City, Iran, in the 2018–2019 academic year. Of them, 140 students (70 boys and 70 girls) were selected as the study sample using a random multistage cluster sampling technique (according to Hu & Bentler Sample Index). The mean age of the investigated girls and boys was 10 years. In the inclusion criteria of the study were the age of 7 to 12 years, no learning disorders, no mental disability, no visual, auditory, or motor impairments, and no medical conditions, such as diabetes, epilepsy, or cardiovascular disease that could influence the research process. The required data were collected using the Minor Injury Severity Scale (MISS) by Peterson, Heiblum, and Saldana (1996); Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART) by lejuez (2002), and Continuous Performance Test (CPT) by Rosvold (1956).Results: The mean calculated values were as follows: for unintentional injuries: girls=26.03, boys=40.03, impulsivity: girls=35.6, boys=37. 5, and inhibitory control: girls=7.8, boys=11.8. The results of the correlation matrix of the explored variables revealed a significant positive relationship between unintentional injuries and impulsivity (r=0.445, p<0.001), unintentional injuries and inhibitory control (r=0.564, p<0.01), as well as impulsivity and inhibitory control (r=0.461, p<0.001). The multivariate regression model was used to explain the combinational relationships of predictor variables (impulsivity, inhibitory control, & gender) with an unintentional injury. Predictive variables (impulsivity, inhibitory control, & gender) had a correlation of about 0.68 with an unintentional injury. According to the coefficient of determination (0.46), these variables could significantly explain 46% of the unintentional injury alternations (p<0.05, F=39.21). In addition, the obtained results indicated that impulsivity could predict 0.24% of unintentional injury changes in the standard unit. Furthermore, inhibition control could significantly predict 0.41% of unintentional injury changes. Besides, gender with a standard beta coefficient of 0.32 could significantly predict 32 units of children’s unintentional injury changes.Conclusion: The present study findings highlighted that inhibition control was a better predictor for unintentional injury in children. Moreover, gender could predict unintentional injuries in children. In other words, male and female genders facilitated and prevented unintentional injuries in this group, respectively. Finally, impulsivity could positively and significantly predict unintentional injury among children. It is recommended that school–based screening tests be used in children. Besides, children with impulsivity or weaknesses in inhibitory control should be aware of this problem. Accordingly, they should receive appropriate education to prevent unintentional injuries.