بررسی رابطهٔ احساس محرومیت نسبی نوجوانان با انتظارات آن‌ها از والدین

زمینه و هدف: تغییرات اجتماعی ناشی‌از مدرن‌شدن باعث افزایش سطح آگاهی‌های اجتماعی و سواد عمومی شده و به‌موازات آن سطح توقعات و انتظارات فرزندان از والدین نیز به‌مراتب بیشتر و متفاوت‌تر از گذشته شده است. پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی رابطهٔ احساس محرومیت نسبی نوجوانان استان خراسان جنوبی با انتظارات آن‌ها از والدینشان انجام شد.روش‌بررسی: این مطالعه مقطعی و از نوع توصیفی بود. مطالعهٔ حاضر در سال 1398 و در میان 580 نفر از نوجوانان استان خراسان جنوبی با دامنهٔ سنی 13تا18 سال و به‌روش نمونه‌گیری طبقه‌ای متناسب انجام شد. ابزار گردآوری داده‌ها، پرسشنامه‌های انتظارات فرزندان از والدین و میزان فرزندمداری (ناصری و همکاران، 1395) و میزان احساس محرومیت نسبی (رستگارخالد و همکاران، 1393) بود. تحلیل داده‌ها با استفاده از نرم‌افزار آماری spss نسخهٔ 25 در دو سطح توصیفی و تحلیلی با آزمون‌ تی‌ و ضریب همبستگی پیرسون صورت گرفت. سطح معناداری برابر با 0٫05 بود.یافته‌ها: میانگین نمرهٔ انتظارات فرزندان از والدینشان 12٫56±47٫30 بود. نمرهٔ انتظارات نوجوانان از والدین در بُعد اقتصادی (2٫17±14٫86) بیشتر و در بُعد سیاسی (10٫27±1٫32) کمتر از سایر ابعاد به‌دست آمد. میانگین نمرهٔ احساس محرومیت نسبی پاسخ‌گویان 1٫70±17٫24 بود. بین احساس محرومیت نسبی نوجوانان و انتظارات آن‌ها از والدین رابطهٔ معکوس وجود داشت (0٫001>p، 0٫294-=r).نتیجه‌گیری: باتوجه به وجود رابطهٔ معکوس بین احساس محرومیت نسبی نوجوانان و انتظارات آن‌ها از والدین، با بهبود شیوهٔ معیشتی و کاستن از احساس محرومیت نسبی ازطریق توسعهٔ اقتصادی و اجتماعی می‌توان انتظارات نوجوانان این استان را متعادل کرد.

The Relationship between Adolescents' Sense of Relative Deprivation and Their Expectations of Parents

Background & Objectives: Cultural traditions in Iran, more than other aspects of social life, have undergone changes; accordingly, some social developments have facilitated the emergence of social groups with different viewpoints and aspirations. Social changes induced by modernization have altered the kinds of children’s expectations from their parents. The family institution is in a state of crisis; not only parents are unable to meet their children’s new expectations, but also there is no substitute for their children’s new expectations. Such conditions also lead to family crises and the inability of parents to meet their children’s expectations of them. The present world has raised the level of social awareness and public literacy, and concurrently, elevated and varied the level of children’s expectations from their parents. The present study aimed to explore the relationship between adolescents’ sense of relative deprivation and their expectations of their parents.Methods: This was a cross–sectional and correlational study. The statistical population of the study included all adolescents in South Khorasan Province, Iran, aged 13–18 years (according to the 2016 family statistics, i.e., about 75561 adolescents). In this study, Krejcie and Morgan’s table (1970) was used to estimate the sample size (N=384). However, to ensure the adequacy of the sample size and given the potential sample dropout, the sample size was increased to 580 subjects. The study participants were selected using a stratified sampling method. The inclusion criteria of the present study included being a student (seventh, eighth, ninth, 10th, 11th, & 12th grades) in South Khorasan Province and desire to participate in the study. The provision of incomplete questionnaires was also considered as the exclusion criterion of the study. Data collection tools were Questionnaire of Children’s Expectations of Parents, the Rate of Childbearing (Naseri et al., 2016), and the Level of Relative Deprivation Questionnaire (Rastegar Khaled et al., 2014). Data analysis was performed using SPSS at descriptive and analytical levels. Descriptive statistics, including frequency and percentage, were employed for nominal and ranking variables. In analytical statistics, to compare the expectations of respondents from their parents by gender and their educational level, a t–test was implemented. Besides, the effect of the independent variable was estimated by the Pearson correlation coefficient. The significance level was set at 0.05 and the confidence level was considered 95%.Results: The present research findings indicated that the mean±SD score of children’s expectations from their parents was measured as 47.30±12.56. The mean±SD score of adolescents’ expectations from parents was higher in the economic dimension (14.86±2.17) and lower in the political dimension (10.27±1.32), compared to the other dimensions. The mean±SD score of respondents’ expectations from parents in social dimension (13.52±2.24) and cultural dimension (12.02±1.67) was also calculated. The mean±SD expectations of male students (63.44±17.64) from their parents were higher than those of their female counterparts (58.34±14.05). Furthermore, the expectations of the tenth, 11th, and 12th–grade students (62.09±15.47) were higher than those of the seventh, eighth, and ninth–grade students (60.27±12.03). The mean±SD score of relative deprivation among the explored subjects was equal to 17.24±1.70. There was an inverse relationship between the sense of relative deprivation and expectations from parents in the study participants (r=–0.294, p=0.001). In other words, the higher the relative deprivation among adolescents, the lower the expectations of their parents. There was a significant and inverse relationship between the degree of the study subjects’ relative deprivation and all 4 dimensions of children’s expectations of parents, including cultural (r=–0.285, p<0.001), economic (r=–0.321, p=0.013), political (r=–0.236, p=0.001), and social (r=–0.154, p=0.003); however, the inverse correlation of the economic dimension was greater than the other 3 dimensions.Conclusion: Considering the inverse relationship between the sense of relative deprivation and expectations from parents in the study participants, an important approach to respond to the adolescent’s expectations is to improve their economic condition and reduce their relative deprivation through socioeconomic development.