بررسی روایی و پایایی نسخهٔ فارسی مقیاس ناتوانی پا و مچ پا در ورزشکاران

زمینه و هدف: پیشگیری از آسیب، امروزه بخش مهمی از تمرینات به‌شمار می‌رود. پیچ‌خوردگی مزمن وضعیتی است که توسط ضعف عصبی‌عضلانی، دامنهٔ حرکتی، ضعف کنترل پاسچر، آسیب مجدد و استئوآرتریت بعد از آسیب مشخص می‌شود. وجود ابزاری برای تشخیص افراد دارای پیچ‌خوردگی مزمن، امری ضروری به‌نظر می‌رسد. پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی روایی و پایایی نسخۀ فارسی مقیاس ناتوانی‌ پا و مچ پا در ورزشکاران انجام شد.روش‌‌بررسی: روش تحقیق توصیفی‌پیمایشی بود. تعداد 266 پرسشنامه توسط ورزشکاران 18تا24ساله (45٫2درصد دختر، 54٫8درصد پسر) تکمیل شد که در رشته‌های مختلف فعالیت داشتند. جهت ارزیابی مدل‌های اندازه‌گیری، تحلیل عاملی تاییدی (cfa) به‌کار رفت. پایایی مقیاس نیز با روش آلفای کرونباخ به‌دست آمد. همچنین، برای بررسی پایایی زمانی از روش آزمون-آزمون مجدد استفاده شد که تحلیل آن به‌کمک ضریب همبستگی درون‌خوشه‌ای صورت گرفت. نرم‌افزار تحلیل داده‌ها lesrel نسخهٔ هشت و spss نسخهٔ 18 بود. سطح معنا‌داری 0٫05 در نظر گرفته شد. یافته‌ها: به‌طورکلی نتایج نشان داد که مقیاس ناتوانی پا و مچ پا، روایی سازهٔ پذیرفتنی با 26 سوال و دو عامل دارد. شاخص‌های برازندگی مدل مقبول و مقادیر ارزش تی در سوال‌ها بیشتر از دو است. همچنین مقادیر آلفای کرونباخ در عامل ناتوانی 0٫94 و در عامل درد 0٫73 به‌دست آمد. ضریب آلفای کرونباخ برای نمرهٔ کل مقیاس ناتوانی پا و مچ پا 0٫95 و نیز ضرایب همبستگی درون خوشه‌ای برای عامل ناتوانی 0٫82 و عامل درد 0٫70 و نمرهٔ کلی مقیاس 0٫79 است.نتیجه‌گیری: باتوجه به یافته‌ها می‌توان نتیجه گرفت که نسخهٔ فارسی مقیاس ناتوانی مچ پا و پا از روایی عاملی و پایایی و پایایی زمانی پذیرفتنی برخوردار است و این مقیاس می‌تواند به عنوان ابزار غربالگری در ورزشکاران توصیه شود. 

Validity and reliability of the Persian version of foot and ankle disability index in athletes

Background & Objective: Prevention of injury has become an important part of practice today. Researchers endeavor to understand and identify what can optimally reduce the incidence of ankle injury and re–injury. Individuals who participate in athletic activities are particularly susceptible to ankle injuries. Of these injuries, approximately 86% are sprains. Ankle sprains have been reported as one of the most common types of injuries occurring during recreational and full time sporting activities. Several epidemiological studies have also shown that about 10–28% of all sports injuries are ankle sprains and as much as 73% of competitive and recreational athletes had recurrent ankle sprain leading to the longest absence from athletic activity compared to other types of sports injuries. Chronic ankle instability (CAI) is a condition characterized by range–of–motion, neuromuscular, and postural–control deficits and subjective disability, reinjure, and posttraumatic osteoarthritis. The existence of a tool for detecting people with chronic ankle instability seems to be necessary. The current study investigated the validity and reliability of the Persian version of Foot and Ankle Disability Index in athletes.Methods: The research method was a descriptive–survey. The statistical population of this study was all athletes in Tehran city with different levels of skill and in the age range of 18 to 24 years old. Based on the aim of the study, 266 athletes (45.2% female, 54.8% male) with average of age 12.12±1.3 years were selected as the statistical sample. The instrument of this study was the Foot and Ankle Disability Index. The original version of this scale is made in English language in the United States. The scale is 26 items. The foot and ankle disability index measures two subscales of pain and disability. This scale was translated using translation– back translation method to Persian language. Confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) was performed on the analyses of the proposed models. In addition, t value and factor loading were used to evaluate questions with related factors in the measurement model. The scale reliability was conducted using Cronbach’s alpha method. For investigating the temporal reliability, test–retest method was performed and has been analyzed using intra class correlation coefficient. Data analysis was conducted using LESREL version 8 and SPSS version 18. The significance level was considered at 0.05.Results: According to the finding, the foot and ankle disability scale had an acceptable construct validity with 26 questions and 2 factors. The goodness fit index of the model were acceptable and significant (χ²=823.35, χ²/df=2.89, NNFI=0.92, CFI=0.93, GFI=0.91, RMSEA=0.079 and RMR=0.061) (p<0.001). The t values in the questions was above two. In addition, Cronbach’s alpha values in the disability factor were 0.94 and in the pain factor was 0.73. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for the total scores of foot and ankle disability was 0.95. In addition, intra class correlation coefficient for disability factor was 0.82, pain factor was 0.70 and total score was 0.79.Conclusion: Persian version of Foot and Ankle Disability Index was having acceptable validity, reliability and temporal reliability therefore can be recommended as a screening tool for athletes. In addition, this scale regarding to the administration procedure and easy scoring which are the most important practical aspects of the scale can assess the foot and ankle disability of athletes. Therefore, it can be used as a trustable instrument in the field of sports medicine, rehabilitation, biomechanics and physiotherapy.