بررسی مقایسه‌ای تحمل پریشانی و سلامت اجتماعی والدین دارای کودکان اختلال یادگیری و عادی

زمینه و هدف: مشکلات مرتبط با سلامت در والدین دارای فرزند با اختلال یادگیری شایع است؛ لذا توجه به‌ سلامت اجتماعی و میزان تحمل پریشانی این قشر دربرابر سختی و ناملایمات زندگی ضروری است؛ ازاین‌رو پژوهش حاضر با هدف مقایسهٔ تحمل پریشانی و سلامت اجتماعی در والدین دارای کودکان اختلال یادگیری و عادی انجام شد.روش‌بررسی: این پژوهش علی-مقایسه‌ای بود. جامعهٔ آماری را تمامی والدین دانش‌آموزان 7تا12سالهٔ دارای اختلال خاص یادگیری و عادی شهر کرج در سال 97-1396 تشکیل دادند. آزمودنی‌های پژوهش شامل 60 نفر، 30 نفر از مادران دانش‌‌آموزان مبتلا به اختلال خاص یادگیری با استفاده از روش نمونه‌گیری تصادفی ساده و 30 نفر از مادران دانش‌آموزان عادی با روش نمونه‌گیری دردسترس بود. برای جمع‌آوری داده‌ها، مقیاس سلامت اجتماعی کییز (2005) و تحمل پریشانی سیمونز و گاهر (2005) به‌کار رفت. جهت تحلیل داده‌ها از نرم‌افزار spss نسخهٔ 22 و آزمون تحلیل واریانس چندمتغیری (مانوا) استفاده شد. سطح معنا‌داری نیز 0٫05 در نظر گرفته شد.یافته‌ها: نتایج تحلیل واریانس چندمتغیری نشان داد که بین دو گروه از والدین دارای کودکان اختلال یادگیری و عادی در تحمل پریشانی (0٫001>p) و سلامت اجتماعی (0٫001>p) تفاوت معنا‌داری وجود دارد. نتیجه‌گیری: براساس یافته‌های پژوهش می‌توان نتیجه گرفت که والدین دارای کودکان اختلال یادگیری درمقایسه با والدین کودکان عادی نمرات کمتری در تحمل پریشانی و سلامت اجتماعی دارند.

A Comparative Study of Distress Tolerance and Social Health in the Parents of Healthy Children and Children with Learning Disability

Background & Objectives: Specific Learning Disability (SLD) is a disruption to one or more basic psychological processes, i.e., difficult to understand in terms of spoken or written language. SLE might be associated with impairments in listening, thinking, speaking, reading, writing, spelling, or calculation. This disorder involves conditions, such as brain damage, cognitive impairments, and disorientation in developmental language. However, SLE does not include children who initially have motor disabilities, hearing impairments, or emotional disturbances, economic, cultural or environmental disadvantages, or intellectual disability, before demonstrating learning disabilities. Studies reported that the parents of problematic children experience some constraints in terms of health, deprivation, and high levels of stress and depression, compared to the parents of healthy children. Distress tolerance is among the psychological factors that could protect the mothers of these children against harm. Distress tolerance is the ability to withstand negative emotions, intending to solve problems. Studies have also indicated that mothers of children with intellectual disabilities have decreased psychological well–being, compared to the mothers of healthy children. Therefore, health problems are common in the parents of children with learning disabilities. Consequently, it is necessary to pay attention to social health and the extent of the distress tolerance in them. Therefore, the present study aimed to compare distress tolerance and social health between the parents of children with learning disabilities and those of healthy children.Methods: This was a causal–comparative study. The statistical population of this study included all of the parents of students aged 7 to 12 years with learning disorders and healthy ones in Karaj City, Iran, in the 2017–2018 academic year. The study samples included 60 subjects (30 mothers of students with learning disabilities, using a simple random sampling method, and 30 mothers of healthy students by convenience sampling method). The required data were collected using the Social Well–being Scale (Keyes, 2005) and the Distress Tolerance Scale (DTS) (Simons and Gahar, 2005). The obtained data were analyzed by SPSS using descriptive indexes, such as mean and standard deviation, and inferential statistics, including Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA). The significance level was considered at 0.05. Furthermore, all relevant ethical principles, including the confidentiality of the collected data, receiving the informed consent of the study participants, and the permission to leave the research, have been observed.Results: The MANOVA results indicated a significant difference between the two groups of parents of children with learning disabilities and healthy ones, in terms of distress tolerance (p<0.001) and social health (p<0.001).Conclusion: The present study results suggested a significant difference between the two groups of parents in distress tolerance and social health. Accordingly, the parents of children with specific learning disabilities experienced decreased distress tolerance and social health than healthy children’s parents. Therefore, teaching proper parental strategies for the parents of children with specific learning disabilities to reduce their distress tolerance and increase their social health seems necessary.