سندرم زن کتک‌خورده، پیامد خشونت خانگی علیه زنان در شهر یزد مطالعهٔ کیفی

زمینه و هدف: خشونت خانگی به‌عنوان مشکل شایع و عمده تهدید‌کنندهٔ سلامتی قربانیان و اپیدمی پنهان ادامه‌دار در حوزهٔ سلامت روان شناخته می‌شود. اگرچه خشونت خانگی علیه زنان معمولاً در حریم خانواده اتفاق می‌افتد، زندگی زنان را در همهٔ عرصه‌های عمومی و اجتماعی تحت‌تاثیر قرار می‌دهد. پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی پیامدهای خشونت خانگی علیه زنان انجام شد.روش‌بررسی: این مطالعه از نوع کیفی با راهبرد تئوری زمینه‌ای و رویکرد عینی‌گرای استراوس و کوربین بود. جامعهٔ پژوهش را زنان قربانی خشونت خانگی شهر یزد تشکیل دادند که از بین آن‌ها 37 شرکت‌کننده به‌روش نمونه‌گیری هدف‌مند و نظری انتخاب شدند. جمع‌آوری داده‌ها با روش مصاحبهٔ نیمه‌ساختاریافته صورت گرفت. به‌منظور تحلیل داده‌ها از کدگذاری باز و محوری و انتخابی استفاده شد.یافته‌ها: تجزیه‌وتحلیل داده‌ها منجربه ایجاد 84 مفهوم و 27 مقولهٔ فرعی و 11 مقولهٔ اصلی در چهار حوزهٔ منظومهٔ پیامدهای آسیب‌زای فردی، زوجی، خانوادگی و اجتماعی شد. سندرم زن کتک‌خورده نیز به‌عنوان مقولهٔ هسته‌ای ظهور یافت.نتیجه‌گیری: خشونت خانگی علیه زنان پیامدها و مشکلات زیادی را به‌وجود می‌آورد. این مشکلات مانند حلقه‌های زنجیر، به‌هم پیوسته و باعث تقویت همدیگر می‌شود. زنان قربانی خشونت همسران این پیامدها را به‌صورت سندرم زن کتک‌خورده تجربه می‌کنند.

Battered Woman Syndrome as a Consequence of Domestic Violence Against Women in Yazd: A Qualitative Study

Background & Objectives: Domestic violence is a common and threatening problem for the victim’s health and a continuing latent epidemy in mental health. Although domestic violence against women frequently occurs in family privacy, it affects women’s lives in all public and social aspects. The consequences of this violence could be short-, medium- and even long-term and directly and indirectly affect women’s health and society. The present study aimed to investigate the consequences of domestic violence against women.Methods: This qualitative study followed the strategy of the underlying theory and the objectivist approach of Strauss and Corbin. The study population consisted of women victims of domestic violence in Yazd City, Iran. To select the study subjects, we referred to the Bahman Special Neuroscience Hospital and Sedaye Moshaver Consulting Center in Yazd from 2018 to 2020; then, those with the inclusion criteria were selected. The inclusion criteria were willingness to interview and cooperate in the research, complaining of and dissatisfaction with the marital relationship and experience of marital violence, and being married. In total, 37 participants were selected through purposive and theoretical sampling techniques. The required data were collected using a semi-structured interview method. The duration of each interview varied from 40 to 70 minutes, depending on the conditions of the study participants. Data analysis was conducted after the first interview and resulted in the production of concepts and new questions; accordingly, more information was obtained. This process continued cyclically until data saturation. Theoretical saturation was obtained after interviewing 30 study samples; however, for further assurance, 7 more interviews were conducted. Open, axial, and selective coding was used to analyze the collected data. Three techniques were implemented to reach the reliability criterion; accreditation by members, analytical comparisons, and the use of audit. The reliability of the study was also established by observing the principles and points of the interview, recording complete events, and executing them accurately.Results: Data analysis resulted in 84 concepts, 27 subcategories, and 11 major themes in 4 domains of the individual, couples, family, and social traumatic consequences. The battered woman syndrome also emerged as a nuclear category. In the system of individual traumatic consequences, the main categories were as follows: women’s vulnerability (psychological & personality problems, physical & sexual problems), women’s behavioral vulnerability, (high-risk behaviors, self-destructive behaviors), and religious and ethical values vulnerability (the weakening of religious beliefs, non-adherence to religious values, and non-adherence to ethical principles). Furthermore, in the traumatic consequences of the couple, the main categories included the following: marital distress (emotional, psychological & sexual dissatisfaction), the lack of motivation to continue living (institutionalized helplessness and hopelessness in problem-solving, divorce), and non-commitment to the spouse (woman’s extramarital relationship, husband’s extramarital relationship). In the context of family traumatic consequences, the main categories included paternal family vulnerability (parents health damage, chaos, and stress in siblings’ lives), Spouse’s family vulnerability (stress in spouse’s family, restrictions & disconnection with spouse’s family, conflicts and tensions in families and relatives), and children’s vulnerability (bio psychological & behavioral vulnerability of children, the educational vulnerability of children). In the context of social traumatic outcomes, the main categories wee increasing social harm (unhealthy social relationships & friendship problems, creating inefficient human resources, continuing violence & divorce), economic insecurity (healthcare costs, support costs, & legal costs). The consequences of violence are interconnected, e.g., chains and women experience a series of traumas at the same time, which could collectively be interpreted as the battered woman syndrome.Conclusion: Domestic violence against women is associated with numerous consequences and problems. These problems are continuous; chains and reinforce each other. The women victims of spouse violence experience these consequences as battered woman syndrome.