بررسی اثربخشی بازی‌درمانی مبتنی‌بر رژیم حسی در تعدیل حس لامسهٔ کودکان اتیستیک

زمینه وهدف: کودکان اتیستیک دارای آشفتگی‌های حسی به‌ویژه نبود تعدیل در حس لامسه با چالش‌های بسیاری مواجه می‌شوند؛ لذا پژوهش حاضر به‌منظور تعیین اثربخشی بازی‌درمانی مبتنی‌بر رژیم حسی بر تعدیل حس لامسهٔ کودکان دارای اختلال طیف اتیسم شهر تهران انجام شد.روش‌بررسی: روش این پژوهش به‌صورت نیمه‌آزمایشی از نوع طرح پیش‌آزمون‌پس‌آزمون با گروه گواه و آزمون پیگیری بود. از جامعهٔ آماری تمامی کودکان 7تا12سالهٔ انجمن اتیسم شهرتهران، 20 نفر با استفاده از روش دردسترس انتخاب شده و به‌صورت تصادفی در گروه آزمایش (10 نفر) و گروه گواه (10 نفر) جایگزین شدند. گروه آزمایش 17 جلسهٔ 45تا60دقیقه‌ای مداخلات بازی‌درمانی مبتنی‌بر رژیم حسی را دریافت کرد و گروه گواه در لیست انتظار باقی ماند. گردآوری داده‌ها براساس پرسشنامهٔ حسی (دان، 1997) انجام پذیرفت. سپس داده‌ها با استفاده از نرم‌افزار spss نسخهٔ 23 و تحلیل واریانس با اندازه‌گیری مکرر در سطح معناداری 0٫01 تجزیه‌وتحلیل شدند.یافته‌ها: بلافاصله بعد از پایان مداخله و یک‌ونیم ماه بعد از مداخله تفاوت آماری معنا‌داری در میانگین نمرهٔ تعدیل حس لامسهٔ دو گروه وجود داشت (0٫001>p). نتایج تحلیل واریانس با اندازه‌‌گیری مکرر نشان داد که تغییرات میانگین تعدیل حس لامسه در طول زمان متفاوت و اثر متقابل گروه و زمان دربارهٔ حس لامسه معنادار است (0٫001>p).نتیجه‌گیری: باتوجه به یافته‌های پژوهش حاضر و اثربخشی بازی‌درمانی مبتنی‌بر رژیم حسی بر تعدیل حس لامسهٔ کودکان اتیستیک، استفاده از روش مذکور به متخصصان و درمانگران در این زمینه توصیه می‌شود. 

The Effects of Sensory Diet-Based Play Therapy on Tactile Touch Sensation in Children With Autism

Background & Objectives: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a pervasive developmental condition, i.e., often referred to as a neurological disorder that develops in early childhood. This disorder generates during the first 3 years of a child’s life. The affected children cannot use language as a means of communicating with others. These children also encounter difficulty processing sensory information. In recent years, the use of play therapy has increased in extensive areas and disorders, especially in ASDs. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine the effects of sensory diet–based play therapy on tactile touch sensation in children with autism.Methods: This was a quasi–experimental study with a pretest–posttest–follow–up and a control group design. The follow–up stage was conducted 45 days after the initial screening. The statistical population of the study included all children aged 7–12 years referring to the Autism Association of Tehran City, Iran, in 2019. Accordingly, the intervention program was identified and coded after several meeting sessions. The statistical sample of this study consisted of 20 individuals (both genders) who were selected by the convenience sampling method. The study participants were randomly assigned to the test and control groups (n=10/group). All children with ASD received 17 sessions of 45–60 minutes of sensory diet–based play therapy; however, the control group remained on the waiting list and received no therapeutic interventions. The therapy sessions, games, and practical exercises were conducted 3 days a week. These sessions were held in the presence of the parents of these children. The family, especially the parents, play an important role in such interventions. The games were held at home and outdoors. Data collection was based on the Sensory Profile Questionnaire (Dunn, 1997). This questionnaire consists of 9 factors and a total of 125 items, i.e., assigned scores for each item. The test includes 4 processing concepts, including low recording, sensory search, sensory sensitivity, and sensory avoidance. The obtained data were analyzed in SPSS by repeated–measures Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) at a significance level of 0.01.Results: The mean±SD modulation scores of the experimental group’s sense of touch changed from 59.20±6.40 in the pretest to 78.00±4.54 in the posttest, and 77.40±3.71 in the follow–up phase; however, such alternations were negligible in the controls. Immediately after and 1.5 months after the intervention completion, there was a statistically significant difference in the mean score of the two groups’ sense of moderation (p<0.001). The repeated–measures ANOVA results suggested that the mean changes in the sense of adjustment of the sense of touch differed over time; the interaction of group and time was significant on the sense of touch (p<0.001).Conclusion: The present research findings revealed that sensory diet–based play therapy has improved the sense of touch in the studied children with ASD. Therefore, according to the study data and the effectiveness of the provided intervention on the tactile touch sense in children with ASD, applying this method is recommended to specialists and therapists in this field.