مقایسهٔ نگرش کودکان به سالمندی در اقوام فارس، کرد، بلوچ و ترک جامعهٔ ایرانی

زمینه و هدف: نگرش ها، ادراکات، احساسات و عقاید دربارهٔ سالمندان از مسائل تعیین کننده بر سلامت و بهبودی سالمند است. پژوهش حاضر با هدف مقایسهٔ نگرش به سالمندی در کودکان اقوام فارس، کرد، بلوچ و ترک انجام شد.روش بررسی: پژوهش حاضر مطالعه ای علّی مقایسه ای بود. جامعهٔ آماری این پژوهش را تمامی کودکان 7 تا 11 ساله و ساکن اصفهان (فارس)، سنندج (کرد)، زاهدان (بلوچ) و تبریز (ترک) در سال 1397 تشکیل دادند. در این پژوهش، تعداد 788 کودک شامل 200 کودک کرد، 190 کودک ترک، 198 کودک بلوچ و 200 کودک فارس با استفاده از روش نمونه گیری در دسترس انتخاب شدند. ابزار گردآوری داده ها پرسشنامهٔ نگرش به سالمندی شیبانی و همکاران (1396) بود. داده ها با تحلیل واریانس تحلیل شدند. سطح معناداری 0٫05 بود.یافته ها: یافته ها نشان داد تفاوت معناداری بین کودکان اقوام مختلف در نگرش به سالمندی وجود دارد (0٫001>p). نتایج آزمون تعقیبی بن فرونی نشان داد نگرش کودکان ترک زبان با همهٔ گروه های قومی تفاوت معناداری دارد (0٫001>p). نتایج نشان داد که میانگین نمرهٔ نگرش این گروه در مقایسه با سایر گروه های قومی بیشتر است.نتیجه گیری: نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد که نگرش کودکان به سالمندی تحت تاثیر قومیت کودکان بوده و عامل جنسیت کودک در این خصوص موثر نیست. از آنجا که کودکان ترک زبان نگرش با میانگین بیشتری درمقایسه با سایر گروه ها داشتند، به نظر می رسد که در قوم ترک زبان سالمندان جایگاه ویژه ای، به خصوص در بین کودکان، دارند.

Comparison of attitudes toward aging in the children of Fars, Kurds, Baluch, and Turkish communities

Background & Objective: In today’s world, where many mothers are employed and have little time for their children, children’s relationships with adults have become more critical. As far as can be said, their existence has been indispensable to prevent the vacuum in human and emotional relations. Strangely enough, some children tell their grandparents that children care about these relationships. Grandparents can significantly compensate for this lack of human relationships around the child. Relationships with children and grandchildren are usually more prominent in women’s lives than men’s. As the number of older adults in the international community, and in particular Iranian society in recent decades, has been increasing steadily, and this upward trend will increase significantly in the coming years, as well as the stereotyped perceptions of children. Now, considering what has been said and since Iran is a multiethnic country, the present study was conducted to investigate the differences in attitudes toward aging among children of Farsi, Kurdish, Baluchi, and Turkish population.Methods: The present study was a causalcomparative study. The population of this study included all children living in Isfahan (Fars), Sanandaj (Kurdish), Zahedan (Baloch) and Tabriz (Turks) in 2018. In this research, 800 people selected using an available sampling method. The data gathering tool was a researchermade questionnaire of attitude towards old age. Twoway variance analysis used for data analysis.Results: Findings showed that there is a significant difference between children of different ethnic groups in attitude toward old age (p<0.001). The results of Shafa’s followup test showed that the attitude of Fars ethnicity was more positive than other ethnicities, Kurdish ethnic attitude was more favorable compared to Turk and Baluch ethnicities and Turkish ethnicity’s attitudes toward Baloch ethnicity. The attitude of Baloch ethnicity has been worse than other ethnic groups. Also, the results showed no significant difference in attitude toward aging in each ethnic group between boys and girls (p<0.001).Conclusion: Overall, the study’s results showed that children’s attitudes to the elderly are influenced by factors such as gender, the level of interaction with the elderly, and the type of their parents’ views. Many scholars believe that the attitudes of aging phobia and antiaging in modern cultures are more than traditional cultures, and believe that the aging period is associated with vulnerability and dependency and that it is passed down from generation to generation. It is also related to social issues.