اثربخشی برنامۀ خواندن کاربردی بر درک مطالب نوشتاری در موقعیت‌های زندگی روزمرۀ کودکان با سندرم داون

زمینه و هدف: خواندنِ کاربردی، توانایی خواندن و فهمیدن و کاربست مواد خواندنیِ مهم در زندگی روزمره است. هدف از پژوهش حاضر، بررسی اثربخشی برنامۀ خواندن کاربردی بر درک مطالب نوشتاری در موقعیت های زندگی روزمرۀ کودکان با سندرم داون بود.روش بررسی: طرح پژوهشی، از نوع شبه آزمایشی از نوع پیش آزمونپس آزمون با گروه گواه بود. جامعۀ آماری تمام دانش آموزان دبستانی آهسته گام با نشانگان داون شهرستان همدان بودند که در سال تحصیلی 1396-1395 در مدارس استثنایی مشغول به تحصیل بودند. نمونۀ پژوهش شامل سی کودک دارای سندرم داون بود که به شیوۀ در دسترس از بین کودکان آهسته گام مدارس استثنایی شهر همدان انتخاب و به شیوۀ تصادفی در دو گروه آزمایش و گواه جایگزین شدند. ابزارهای پژوهش عبارت بود از: نسخۀ فارسی مقیاس هوشی تجدیدنظرشدۀ وکسلر کودکان (1386) (wiscr)، نسخۀ فارسی آزمون رشد زبان (1393) (toldp3) و دو متن نوشتاری محقق ساخته به عنوان پیش آزمون و پس آزمون برای سنجش درک مطالب نوشتاری قبل و بعد از مداخله. پس از انجام دادن مداخله در دوازده جلسه، داده ها از طریق آزمون تحلیل کوواریانس و با نرم افزار spss ویرایش 25 تحلیل شدند.یافته ها: یافته ها نشان داد نمرات میانگین و انحراف معیار پیش آزمون درک مطلب در گروه آزمایش 0٫84±3٫1 و نمرات پس آزمون گروه آزمایش 1٫17±3٫6 است. همچنین میانگین و انحراف معیار نمرۀ پیش آزمون درک مطلب در گروه گواه 0٫79±2٫8 و نمرۀ پس آزمون در گروه گواه 0٫94±2٫7 است. نتایج تحلیل کوواریانس نشان داد آموزش خواندن کاربردی، بر درک مطالب نوشتاری دانش آموزان آهسته گام با نشانگان داون تاثیر معناداری داشت (0٫001>p).نتیجه گیری: براساس یافته های این پژوهش، آموزش برنامۀ خواندن کاربردی باعث بهبود درک خواندن در کودکان آهسته گام با نشانگان داون شده است.

Applied Reading Program on Understanding Written Material in Everyday Life Situations of Down syndrome Children

Background & Objective: Reading and understand written content skill is one of the most basic problems in children who are mentally retarded. It can be said that the skill of reading is one of the most basic social and communication problems for children and adolescents with Down syndrome, which is an inability to enter to social world. Learning to low–speed in understanding children with Down syndrome is helped by developing the applied–readable materials to help train and develop skills with regard to serious problems that are in the field of abstract thinking. Applied reading is the ability to read, understand and implement the types of important reading materials in daily life and social situations. The purpose of this study was to develop a particular reading program for children with Down syndrome, and examining its effectiveness on understanding written content in the situations of everyday life.Methods: The research plan was pretest and posttest test types with experimental and control groups. The statistical community included of pupils in elementary school with Down syndrome of Hamedan city (west of Iran), in 2016–17. Samples consisted of 30 children with Down syndrome that were selected and replaced in a randomly in two groups of control and experiment. Research tools include the Persian version of (WISC–R), Persian version of language development test (TOLD–P3) and there were two written texts that written by pretest and posttest test types, to measure understanding of written content, before and after intervention. In order to determine the validity of written texts, the percentage of agreement was used. For this purpose, it determined the achievement of mastery for the test, followed by two parallel forms of this test on a group of 30 students at the same base. Then the percentage of students who gained mastery in both tests was 0.89, respectively. In other words, the reliability coefficient of the test 0.89 was obtained. After conducting the intervention in 12 minutes session, the data were analyzed through the covariance analysis test and by using SPSS software (Ver.25). The application of an applied reading intervention program used in this study aims to develop a novel approach to improve the comprehension of developmental basis skills, linguistic programming of children with Down syndrome to enhance understanding of material and based on reading and listening skills of phonological awareness, psychological pattern–linguistic test of Illinois by the researcher.Results: Univariate analysis and the Kolmogorov–Simonov analysis about the skill of understanding written material in everyday life situations showed significant differences between the average test and test groups, with the superiority of the test group scores (p<0.001).Conclusion: The study showed that mentally retarded children with Dawn syndrome could be taught to learn the word decoding skills and reading new words, and they need to be trained in this regard as children’s inability to read Down syndrome is associated with weakness in auditory memory and auditory perception. The results of the data analysis indicated that the applied reading program had a significant effect on the comprehension of written materials. Based on the results of this study, to teachers and pediatricians of children with Down syndrome are recommended to use a reading program that improves understanding of the written material in these children. Thus, the provision of education–based programmers and promoting awareness based on words that have the most everyday use in the natural and immediate environment could be an important step to improve reading performance behind subjective.