شواهد پژوهشی بخشایش‌گری در حوزهٔ ناتوانی‌های تحولی و ذهنی با تحلیل آن بر تعامل مادر-کودک

زمینه و هدف: آسیب ها و رنج های بین فردی ناشی از تعامل های اجتماعی، از چالش هایی است که مادران کودکان با ناتوانی های تحولی و ذهنی با آن روبه رو هستند. پژوهش حاضر با هدف شناسایی نقش بخشایشگری در حوزهٔ ناتوانی های تحولی و ذهنی و تحلیل آن بر تعامل مادرکودک در خانواده های افراد با این ناتوانی ها انجام شد.روش بررسی: پژوهش حاضر از نوع مطالعهٔ مروری روایتی بود که با استفاده از کلیدواژه های تخصصی m-ental retardation, intellectuladabtive disabilities،mothers of children with intellectual and developmental disabilities, childmother interaction ، forgiveness در پایگاه های اطلاعات پژوهشی شامل pumped، springer، proquest، scopus، elsevier، science direct و google scholar یافته ها و اطلاعات مد نظر در بین سال های 1984تا2017 تحت واکاوی قرار گرفت.یافته ها: هفت مقاله در ارتباط با نقش بخشایشگری با ناتوانی های تحولی و ذهنی بوده که تنها یک پژوهش به صورت مسقیم به بررسی تاثیر بخشایشگری در تعامل مادرکودک در حوزهٔ ناتوانی پرداخته است.نتیجه گیری: با استفاده از بخشایشگری، روابط آسیب دیدهٔ والدین کودکان دارای ناتوانی های تحولی و ذهنی را می توان بهبود بخشید و از این طریق به بهترشدن تعامل مادرکودک و تامین سلامت روانی خانواده کمک کرد.

The Evidence Based Research on Forgiveness in the Intellectual, Developmental Disabilities Area, and its analysis on MotherChild Interaction

Background & Objective: Intellectual and developmental disabilities is a neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by significant limitations both in mental function includes learning process, memory, reasoning and problem solving and in adaptive skills (social practical and conceptual). This condition covers a range of everyday social and practical skills and independence life. This disability originates before the age of 18. Birth of the children with intellectual and developmental disabilities brings major challenges to society as well as families due to their cognitive, affective and behavioral deficits. Traumas, hurts and interpersonal pains caused by personal interactions are one of these challenges that mothers of children with intellectual and developmental disabilities have experienced. Forgiveness defined as a letting go of negative affect (e.g., hostility), negative cognition (e.g., thoughts of revenge), and negative behavior (e.g., verbal aggressive) in response to considerable injustice. In addition, it may involve responding positively toward to offender (e.g., compassion). The aim of this project was to identifying the role of forgiveness on improvement of mother–child interaction and other related variable to interpersonal relation such as mental health, marital satisfaction and psychological well–being in families of people with intellectual and developmental disabilities.Methods: In the current research, a narrative review method was applied.In the same vein with use of key words includes mothers of children with intellectual and developmental disabilities, child–mother interaction and forgiveness at database which are PubMed, Springer, ProQuest, Scopus, Elsevier, and in local data base (Iran) in the Magiran, Sid database, thesis between 1984–2017 was conducted in accordance with research objectives to executed current study.Results: Seven research was related to forgiveness, intellectual, and developmental disabilities. Only on direct project had been studied about the effectiveness of forgiveness on mother–child interaction. This project was carried out in Tehran (capital city of Iran) among 24 mothers of children with intellectual and developmental disabilities. Statistical population in the study was consisted of students mother with intellectual disabilities in academic year of 2013–2014, experimental group had been improved in marital satisfaction, mental health indexes, and mother–child interactions because of intervention. The forgiveness is one of the important positive psychological variables that can be helps the parents of children with intellectual and developmental disabilities through healing interpersonal relationship impairments through decreasing the negative emotions and increasing marital satisfaction and psychological mental health. It reduce the problems of mothers of children with intellectual and developmental disabilities and had a positive impact on mother–child interactions of the family as well.Conclusion: With use of forgiveness, will be improved impaired relations of the children parents with intellectual and developmental disabilities. This method can help mother–child interactions, providing mental health, and marital satisfaction of families. It also could be used with mother of children with intellectual disabilities as well as other groups.