اثربخشی خانواده‌درمانی کارکردی بر رفتار‌های تکانشی و مهارت اجتماعی کودکان دارای اختلال نارسایی توجه/بیش‌فعالی

زمینه و هدف: اختلال نارسایی توجه/بیش فعالی ازاختلال های عصبی رشدی بوده که از سال های اولیهٔ رشد ظاهر می شود. رفتار های تکانشی و ضعف در مهارت اجتماعی از ویژگی های کودکان مبتلا به این اختلال است. پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی اثربخشی خانواده درمانی کارکردی بر رفتار های تکانشی و مهارت اجتماعی کودکان دارای اختلال نارسایی توجه/بیش فعالی صورت گرفت.روش بررسی: طرح پژوهش حاضر نیمه آزمایشی از نوع پیش آزمون پس آزمون با گروه کنترل بود. جامعهٔ آماری را تمامی خانواده های مراجعه کننده به مراکز مشاورهٔ شهر یزد، در سال 1396 تشکیل دادند که پس از انجام مصاحبهٔ تشخیصی، فرزندشان تشخیص اختلال نارسایی توجه/بیش فعالی را دریافت کرد. سپس از بین آنان 30 خانواده به روش نمونه گیری دردسترس انتخاب شده و به طور تصادفی در گروه آزمایش و کنترل قرار گرفتند. برای گروه آزمایش به مدت نُه جلسهٔ دوساعته، برنامهٔ خانواده درمانی کارکردی اجرا شد؛ اما در گروه کنترل هیچ مداخله ای صورت نگرفت. ابزار های پژوهش شامل پرسشنامهٔ snap (سواسون، 1980) و پرسشنامهٔ مهارت اجتماعی (ماتسون، 1983) بود. داده ها در سطح توصیفی (میانگین و انحراف معیار) و استنباطی (تحلیل کوواریانس) با استفاده از نرم افزار spss نسخهٔ 21 تحلیل شدند.یافته ها: نتایج حاصل از پژوهش نشان داد خانواده درمانی کارکردی باعث کاهش رفتار های تکانشی (0٫001>p) و همچنین بهبود مهارت اجتماعی (0٫001>p) می شود.نتیجه گیری: با توجه به یافته های پژوهش، استفاده از خانواده درمانی کارکردی به منظور کاهش رفتار تکانشی و افزایش مهارت اجتماعی کودکان دارای اختلال نارسایی توجه/بیش فعالی به متخصصان در این زمینه توصیه می شود.

Functional Family Therapy on Impulsive Behavior and Social Skills in Children with Attention Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder

Background & Objective: Attention–deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a developing behavioral disorder. Usually, the child cannot focus and focus on one subject action, and the learning process is slow in him them, and the child these children haves unusual and very high physical activity. This disorder is associated with lack of attention, excessive activity, impulsive behavior, or a combination of these. A doctor should carefully monitor any child with ADHD suspicion. Many of these children also have one or more behavioral disorders. They may also have a psychiatric problem, such as depression or bipolar disorder. ADHD is the most common behavioral disorder in childhood and puberty, and it affects about 3% to 5% of children before the age of seven. This complication occurs more early in the primary school era for children and at puberty, and as many patients become older as age grows. The cause of most people with hyperactivity disorder is still unclear, but it is thought to be a multifactorial disease with genetic origins and the environment. There is a definite cause for trauma and brain infections. The genetic factor of this disorder is greater in the fathers of children with hyperactivity, but environmental factors are also very effective in increasing the severity of this disorder. This disorder is more common two to four times in boys than girls are by two to four times. If the child has a mental or psychological problem during the first infancy (the first four weeks of birth), or if the mothers cigarettes or alcohol consumes cigarettes or alcohol during pregnancy. These children are more at increased risk of the disorder hyperactivity. Family therapy is a general term for several treatment approaches that, instead of separating individuals for individual treatment, participants in the treatment of this whole family as a whole. This term is neutral from the point of view. Therapeutic family it can be used in many different frameworks. Function ofal family therapy (Alexandr oupersonson Personson, 1982; Barton & and Alexander, 1981) is designed to make cognitive and behavioral changes in their family members. This approach is based on a clear set of principles and is strongly supported by research findings. The Functional functional family practice of Alexandro person (1982), attempts to create a non–rebellious communicative view and provide explanations for the behavior of all members in which the motivation of the members is not questioned. For functional family therapists, all behaviors are adaptive. Instead of behaving a person as "good" or "bad," they assume that the behavior always has one function. Because it is an attempt to create a particular result in interpersonal relationships. While privileges or interpersonal functions for family members can have different forms, they are ultimately trying to achieve one of the three following interpersonal situations: call/proximity (integration or unification), independence (Detachment detachment), or a mixture of both (immobilized). The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of functional family therapy on impulsive behavior and social skills on children with attentiondeficit/ hyperactivity disorder.Methods: The method of this study was a quasi–experimental type with pre–test and post–test. A total of 30 families with ADHD children with ADHD are were selected randomly and are considered randomly and evenly in experimental and control groups. The experimental group received family therapy in 5 sessions, the questionnaires that used, are were SNAP (1980) and social skills questionnaire Matson. A grading scale for the diagnosis of attention–deficit / hyperactivity disorder ADHD, first developed in 1980 by Swanson, Nolan, and Pellham, et al., based on the behavioral descriptions of attention deficit disorder in the third edition of the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. The questionnaire has a scale of 18 questions that parents or teachers have can respond to it. Neither the first question of behavioral symptoms are often neglected, nor the second question of behavioral symptoms are often measured by exaggeration/impulsivity, and ultimately all 18 items are designed to identify the hybridization. The cutoff point in the whole scale and each of the inferior subscales of attention and excitement has been reported at 2.08, 2.10, and 2.37, respectively. Matson et al developed the social skills measurement scale in 1983 to measure the social skills of people aged 4 to 18 years. The primary form of this scale was 62, which was reduced by Yousefi and Noor (2002), a factor analysis of 56 phrases that describe the social skills of individuals. To answer that, the subject must read each statement and then specify his answer based on a 5point Likert type index with a range from 1 (never/never) to 5 (always). The main objective of the Matsun Matson social skills questionnaire is to measure social skills from different dimensions (appropriate social skills, non–social behaviors, aggression and impulsive behaviors, supremacy, high self–confidence, relationship with peers). The data was analyzed by spss21.Result: Functional family therapy could reduce impulsive behavior and increase social skills in children with ADHD (p<0.001).Conclusion: Use of functional family therapy recommended to professionals in the treatment of children with ADHD.