پیش‌بینی استرس ادراک‌شده بر پایۀ سیستم‌های فعال‌ساز و بازدارندۀ رفتار و ویژگی‌های شخصیتی در بیماران قلبی

زمینه و هدف: باوجود اهمیت عوامل روان شناختی در بروز بیماری قلبی، در ایران تحقیقات بسیار اندکی دراین باره انجام شده است. هدف این پژوهش پیش بینی استرس ادراک شده بر پایۀ سیستم های فعال ساز و بازدارندۀ رفتار و ویژگی های شخصیتی بود. روش بررسی: روش تحقیق از نوع هم بستگی پیش بینی بود. جامعۀ آماری عبارت بود از: بیماران قلبی بستری در بیمارستان های قلب، شریعتی و شرکت نفت شهر تهران در سال 1396 که 150 نفر به روش در دسترس انتخاب شدند. پرسش نامه های استرس ادراک شدۀ کوهن و همکاران (1983)، سیستم های رفتاری کارور و وایت (1994) و شخصیتی نئو (1992)، بین بیماران پخش گردید و از نرم افزار spss و آزمون هم بستگی پیرسون و تحلیل رگرسیون چندگانۀ خطی جهت تجزیه و تحلیل استفاده شد.یافته ها: نتایج نشان داد هم بستگی بین استرس ادراک شده با سیستم های فعال ساز رفتاری و سیستم های بازدارندۀ رفتاری در بیماران قلبی مثبت و معنادار است (0٫001>p، 0٫228 و 0٫284=r). هم بستگی استرس ادراک شده با بُعد روان رنجورخویی مثبت و با ابعاد برون گرایی و بازبودن منفی بود (0٫001>p، 0٫20؛ 0٫383؛ 0٫458=r)؛ اما بین دو بعد دیگر شخصیت با استرس ادراک شده رابطۀ معناداری وجود نداشت. نتیجۀ رگرسیون نشان داد ضریب هم بستگی چندمتغیره بین متغیرهای پیش بین و ملاک برابر با 0٫64 بود که این اندازه از هم بستگی، به ضریب تعیین 0٫41 منجر شد و ضریب تعیین تعدیل یافته برابر با 0٫39 بود. نتیجه گیری: نتیجۀ پژوهش دال بر این است که در حدود 39درصد از تغییرات در متغیر وابسته (استرس ادراک شده)، از طریق ابعاد شخصیت و سیستم های فعال ساز و بازدارندۀ رفتاری قابل پیش بینی است.

Prediction of Perceived Stress Based on Activation and Rejection Systems and Personality Traits in Heart disease Patients

Background & Objective: Heart disease is one of the main causes of mortality in the world. Various biotic factors, including abnormal levels of fatty acids in the blood, increased levels of bad cholesterol or low levels of lipoprotein cholesterol, hypertension, smoking, lack of physical activity or exercise, overweight, aging, family history early heartbeat coronary heart disease, makes people susceptible to heart disease. However, several studies have shown that these factors alone do not play a determining role in the development of these diseases, but psychological factors and personality factors also have a significant impact on the disease. In Iran, cardiovascular disease is the most common cause of death (about 64%). Since this is a mental illness, it is necessary to consider the combination of biological and psychological factors in the study of its effective factors. Importance of psychological factors in the development of heart disease has been proved and there has been little research in Iran in this regard. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to predict perceived stress based on activating and disabling systems of personality traits and behaviors.Methods: The research method was correlation–prediction type. The statistical population of this study was cardiac patients admitted to cardiac department of Heart, Shariati and Naft hospitals, in 2018, which were selected by available method for 150 patients with heart disease. Perception questionnaire Cohen et al. (1983), Carver and White’s (1994) and Neo (1992) multifaceted personality–based systems of inhibition/activation were distributed among patients. After performing the research and collecting, the necessary data to verify the hypothesis the research method was Pearson correlation test and multiple regression analysis.Results: Pearson correlation between perceived stress and behavioural activation systems and behavioural systems in cardiac patients was positive and significant. Correlation coefficient between perceived stress and neuroticism was positive and with negative dimensions of extroversion and openness, but there was no significant relationship between the other two dimensions of perceived stress. The result of regression showed that the multivariate correlation coefficient between predictor and criterion variables was equal to 0.44. This correlation coefficient resulted in a coefficient of 0.41. The adjusted adjustment coefficient equalled 0.39.Conclusion: The results of the research showed that about 39% of changes in the dependent variable (perceived stress) were predictable through the dimensions of the personality and the activating and inhibiting systems of behaviour. The result of the current research suggests that importance of personality dimensions and activating and inhibiting systems in predicting perceived stress in cardiac patients. High magnitude of the determination coefficient indicated the importance of these factors, suggesting that therapists and counsellors should consider these predictors of perceived stress to be rehabilitated to patients. The result of this study, in particular, supports role of the effect of behavioural inhibition system in predicting perceived stress, which is essential for the rehabilitation of these patients as an intervening factor in the treatment of anxiety and stress in cardiac patients.