ارتباط بین هویت ورزشی و مشارکت در فعالیت‌های ورزشی در بین معلولین جسمی

زمینه و هدف: مشارکت در فعالیت های ورزشی، منافعی آشکار ازجمله منافع جسمانی و روان شناختی و اجتماعی برای همهٔ اعضای جامعه اعم از افراد سالم و به ویژه برای معلولان دارد. ازسویی هویت ورزشی می تواند انگیزش و تعهد حضور مداوم در فعالیت های ورزشی و موفقیت در سطوح عالی ورزشی را منجر شود. هدف پژوهش حاضر بررسی ارتباط بین هویت ورزشی و مشارکت در فعالیت های ورزشی در بین معلولان جسمی بود.روش بررسی: پژوهش حاضر از نوع پیمایشی بود و به کمک پرسشنامه اطلاعات لازم جمع آوری شد. جامعهٔ آماری پژوهش را تمامی معلولان جسمی شهرکرد در سال 1395 تشکیل دادند. با به کارگیری فرمول کوکران در سطح خطای 5درصد تعداد 320 نفر از بین 2139 نفر معلولان جسمی به صورت تصادفی ساده انتخاب شدند. از مقیاس هویت ورزشی چزلاک و پرسشنامهٔ محقق ساختهٔ مشارکت ورزشی و نیز از ضریب همبستگی پیرسون و نرم افزار spss نسخهٔ 23 در سطح خطای 5درصد استفاده گردید.یافته ها: باتوجه به نتایج، بین هویت خود و مشارکت ورزشی رابطهٔ مستقیم و معنا دار (0٫001>p، 0٫34=r) و نیز بین هویت اجتماعی و مشارکت ورزشی رابطهٔ مستقیم و معنا دار مشاهده شد (0٫001>p، 0٫30=r). همچنین بین انحصارگرایی و مشارکت ورزشی رابطهٔ مستقیم و معنا داری به دست آمد (0٫001>p، 0٫40=r). ازطرفی یافته ها نشان داد بین تاثیرپذیری منفی و مشارکت ورزشی رابطهٔ معکوس و معنا دار (0٫001>p، 0٫16=r) و نیز بین تاثیرپذیری و مشارکت ورزشی رابطهٔ مستقیم و معنا داری وجود داشت (0٫001>p، 0٫31=r). درنهایت بین هویت ورزشی و مشارکت ورزشی رابطهٔ مستقیم و معنا داری مشاهده شد (0٫001>p، 0٫35=r).نتیجه گیری: براساس یافته ها می توان نتیجه گرفت که هویت ورزشی تسهیل گر مشارکت هرچه بیشتر معلولان جسمی در فعالیت های ورزشی است.

Relationship between Athletic identity and Participation in Sports Activities among Physically Disabled People

Background & Objective: Sports activities have obvious benefits, including physical, psychological and social for all members of the community, including healthy people and especially for the physically disabled. Athletic identity can lead to motivation and continuous participation in sports activities as well as success at high levels. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between athletic identity and participation in sports activities among physically disabled persons.Methods: This research was a survey, and a questionnaire used for data collection. The statistical population of this study was physically disabled people in Shahrekord (Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province, Southwest of Iran) in 2016. In this study, using the Cochran formula at the 5% error level, 320 people (186 males and 134 females) with an average age of 28.65 ± 9.71 were selected from 2139 physically disabled people, in a simple random sampling method. Athletic Identity was measured by using Cieslak’s athletic identity scale, which was a 22–item self–report questionnaire with five dimensions, including self–identity, social Identity, exclusivity, positive and negative affectivity. All five dimensions were answered on a 10–point scale from 1 (strongly disagree) to 10 (strongly agree) – also, a researcher–made questionnaire used for participation in sports activities. The questionnaire had four items that measured the rate of participation in sports activities according to minutes per week. Pearson correlation coefficient used to analyze data. All statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS (Version 24) with the error level less than 0.05.Results: A total of 58.1% of respondents were men, and 41.9% were women. The mean age of the women was 65.9±53.55 years old, and the mean age of the men was 20.9±19.26 years. In terms of involving in sport, 86% of men and 48% of women involved in sports activities, while 14% of men and 52% of women did not include in any sports activities. In total, 56% of men and women participated in sports activities, and 44% did not participate in any sports activities. The average participation in sports activities was 52.20±32.22 min/week. The mean of athletic identity was 126.94±14.32, which was higher than average. Results of Pearson’s correlation coefficient showed that there was a significant positive relationship between self–identity and participation in sports activities (r=0.34, p<0.001). There was a significant positive relationship between social identity and participation in sports activities (r=0.30, p<0.001). There was a significant positive relationship between exclusivity and participation in sports activities (r=0.40, p<0.001). There was a significant negative correlation between negative affectivity and participation in sports activities (r=0.16, p<0.001). There was a significant positive relationship between positive affectivity and participation in sports activities (r=0.31, p<0.001). Finally, there was a significant positive relationship between sport identity and participation in sports activities (r=0.30, p<0.001).Conclusion: Athletic identity could be a facilitator for participation in sports activities for physically disabled persons and their commitment to the continuous involvement in sports activities that can lead to their physical and mental health. Athletic identity by increasing the participation of physically disabled people in sports activities can reinforce the feeling of strength and self–esteem in physically disabled athletes, reduce the negative affectivity of others, and lead to reinforcing of social identity and eventually develops the capability of physically disabled persons.