اثربخشی طرحواره‌درمانی هیجانی بر دلزدگی زناشویی زوجین در آستانهٔ طلاق

هدف: دلزدگی زناشویی به مرور زمان، عشق و علاقه بین زوجین را کم‌رنگ و گاهی به‌طور کامل محو می‌کند. این دلزدگی موجب مشکلات روحی و روانی، ادامهٔ روابطی سرد و بی‌تفاوتی (طلاق عاطفی) و طلاق رسمی زوجین می‌گردد. لذا پژوهش حاضر با هدف تعیین تاثیر طرحواره‌درمانی هیجانی بر دلزدگی زناشویی زوجین در آستانهٔ طلاق انجام شد.روش‌بررسی: این مطالعه نیمه‌آزمایشی از نوع پیش‌آزمون پس‌آزمون و پیگیری با گروه گواه بود. از بین زوجین در آستانهٔ طلاق مراجعه‌کننده به دادگستری شاهین‌شهر و میمه، 90 زوج به‌صورت در دسترس، انتخاب و توسط مقیاس دلزدگی زناشویی پاینز پیش‌آزمون شدند. 54 زوج با نمرات یک انحراف‌معیار بیشتر از میانگین، انتخاب شده و به‌صورت تصادفی در گروه‌های آزمایش، مشاوره‌نما و گواه تخصیص یافتند. سپس زوجین گروه آزمایش در دورهٔ طرحواره‌درمانی هیجانی و زوجین گروه مشاوره‌نما در دورهٔ مکالمهٔ عمومی شرکت کردند. یک‌ماه بعد از اتمام مداخلات، گروه‌ها توسط مقیاس مذکور پس‌آزمون و سه‌ماه بعد، مجدداً مقیاس را تکمیل نمودند. داده‌ها با تحلیل واریانس اندازه‌گیری مکرر و آزمون تعقیبی بونفرونی، توسط spss22 تجزیه‌وتحلیل شدند. مقادیر احتمال کمتر از 0٫05 از نظر آماری معنادار در نظر گرفته شد.یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد که طرحواره‌درمانی هیجانی موجب کاهش نمرات دلزدگی زناشویی و مولفه‌های آن در زوجین گروه آزمایش در مقایسه با گروه‌های مشاوره‌نما و گواه، در مراحل پس‌آزمون و پیگیری شد (0٫001>p). همچنین بین کاهش نمرات زوجین گروه مشاوره‌نما در مقایسه با گروه گواه، در مرحله پس‌آزمون تفاوت معناداری وجود داشت (0٫001>p)، اما در مرحلهٔ پیگیری، تفاوت معنادار نبود (0٫081=p).نتیجه‌گیری: براساس یافته‌های پژوهش نتیجه گرفته می‌شود، طرحواره‌درمانی هیجانی موجب کاهش دلزدگی زناشویی زوجینِ در‌آستانهٔ‌طلاق می‌گردد.

The effectiveness of Emotional Schema Therapy on marital burnout on the Brink of Divorce

Background Objective: Marital burnout is a painful state of physical, emotional and psychological fatigue, which is created in conditions of longterm conflict with emotional demands and over time, the love and affection between couples become more diminished and sometimes fade completely. The reason for undesirable and destructive effects on marital relationships and the creation of psychosocial distances in couples is one of the main causes of emotional divorce, which, in the absence of treatment, prepares the ground for the formal divorce of couples. Therefore, the implementation of therapeutic interventions to improve marital relationships and reduce marital burnout seems necessary. In this regard, one of the most effective therapeutic perspectives is the emotional schema therapy, which is a new therapeutic model, and so far, its effectiveness in the severity of depression and introspection, Emotional schemas, couples' performance, and personality disorders has been proved. So, it is possible that it will also benefit in the marital burnout. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine the effect of emotional schema therapy on couples' marital burnout in the brink of divorce.Methods: This research was a semiexperimental study with pretest and posttest design along with followup with the control group. The statistical population includes all couples on the brink of divorce, 586 couples who came to the Justice Department in Shahin Shahr and Meymeh during the year 2017 and applied for nofault divorce. Next, 90 couples (180 persons), based on the criteria for entry into the research selected by a nonrandom sampling method. Criteria for entry into the research were: age range of 20 to 65 years; the duration of marriage 5 to 40 years; minimum education diploma; volunteering to participate in the study and not having specific physical and mental problems. Also, ethical considerations Necessity includes: providing written information about the research to the participants, giving assurances to individuals about the confidentiality of the information obtained and using it only in research matters. The voluntary participation of couples in the study and the lack of registration of their surname to respect the privacy and obtain the written consent of the couple fulfilled the Pines` marital burnout Scale. Then, among them, 54 couples (108 persons), whose grades in the pretest stage, were a standard deviation higher than the mean in the scale for measuring marital burnout, were selected and randomly replaced in three groups; Experimental group (18 couples, 36 persons), Consulting group (18 couples, 36 persons) and control (18 couples, 36 persons). Then, the experimental group couples participated for three months in ten twohour sessions (weekly one session) of Emotional Schema Therapy based on the Leahy Educational Package. The couples of the consulting group for three months in ten twohour sessions (weekly one session) of Public speaking course included theoretical content that had nothing to do with the primary purpose of the experiment, while control subjects remained intact. One month after the completion of the training courses, all three groups filled out the posttest scale and three months after the implementation of the posttest in the followup phase they filled out the scale one more time. The data were analyzed by repeated measures of variance analysis and Bonferroni follow up test by using SPSS22 software. Probabilities less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant.Results: The results of the statistical analysis showed that emotional schema therapy reduced the scores of marital burnout and its components in the couples of the experimental group compared to the counseling and control groups in the posttest and followup stages (p<0.001). Also, there was a significant difference between the reduction in the rates of marital burnout and its components in the counseling group couples compared to the control group at the posttest stage (p<0.001), but in the followup phase, this difference was not significant (p=0.081).Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that emotional schema therapy plays a vital role in reducing the marital burnout on the brink of divorce. Therefore, family counselors and therapists can use the findings of this research in the context of clinical and therapeutic interventions and use this therapeutic, practical and useful approach to resolve conflicts and help improve marital relations among individuals.