کارکرد نمادین اسطوره در شعر یوسف الخال

اسطوره در شعر معاصر عربی از جایگاه بسیار گسترده ای برخوردار است که بسیاری از شاعران معاصرعرب از اسطوره برای بیان مفاهیم مطلوب خود استفاده  کرده اند و یکی از  شاعران معاصرعربی، یوسف الخال می باشد که تمایل بسیاری در به کارگیری اسطوره از خود نشان داده است و اسطوره را به معنای دقیق آن در شعر خود به کار گرفته است و شخصیّت مسیح (ع)به عنوان یکی از اسطوره های دینی به دلیل در برداشتن مفاهیم رستاخیزی و پیروزی از پرکاربردترین اساطیر در دیوان یوسف الخال به شمار می رود و به شیوه های گوناگون در شعر او نمود پیدا می کند. در این جستار برآنیم که با استفاده از روش توصیفی تحلیلی، به کارکردهای مختلف شخصیت مسیح (ع) دردیوان یوسف الخال بپردازیم؛ بنابراین سوال اصلی تحقیق بررسی کیفیت ابعاد و و زوایای کارکرد اسطوره ای شخصیت مسیح (ع) در دیوان شاعر و نتایج حاصله حاکی از آن است که مسیح گاه نماد منجی و رهایی بخشِ انسان ها از گناهان و گاه نماد رَنچ و در برخی احوال،  به سان چهره‌ منتقم ظهور می کند و در واقع شاعر با استفاده از شخصیت مسیح(ع) مشکلات و مسائل اجتماعی جامعه خویش را به تصویر می کشد.

The symbolic function of the myth of Christ (AS)’s Myth in Yousuf Al-Khal’s Poem

1. Introduction   The presence of myths is visible in the literature of every nation. In the meantime, Arabs and especially its poets were familiar with mythical figures. Mentioning the names of mythical heroes with their legendary features in the poetry of Jahili (preIslam) period indicates this familiarity. After literary resurrection and establishing connection with Western culture and civilization, using myths was reformed which dates back to midtwentieth century. In this period Arab poets have used myth for expressing concepts and applied it as a useful means in poetical illustration.   1.1 Statement of the Problem and Research Questions   Arab contemporary poets aimed to benefit from extraordinary power and capabilities of myth for their goals and wishes. For the realization of their goals the heroes and mythical figures are revived in order to objectify their ideas, emotions, and passions and in this way poetical experience is mingled with mythical concepts.    Among all the myths, the religious ones have also appeared in poems of Arab poets. The figures of prophets including Mohammad (pbuh), Jesus (AS), Moses (AS), and Job (AS) have been frequently used in the poetry of contemporary poets. The poets by benefiting from these figures and their related issues tried to induce their concerned concepts.   Among the prophet figures that can be found in Yusuf alKhal’s poetry are Abraham (AS), Job (AS), Adam (AS), and Jesus (AS). Jesus (AS) is one of the most frequently used figures among these figures. Considering the unbalanced circumstances of Arab society, Yusuf alKhal wishes for a savior of mankind to set up a global resurrection. He wishes for a great resurrection which brings a better life for the Arab nation. By using the symbols of this religious myth he protests against political failures, unorganized conditions of Arabs, and the presence of terror atmosphere. So, in this article we study the different aspects of Jesus Christ (AS)’s personality in Yusuf alKhal’s divan. The main research question is: in what aspects the mythical function of Jesus (AS) character is represented in poet’s divan?   1.2 The Goals and Necessity of Research   Since myth and mythical function in Arab contemporary poetry is transformed from a simple, ordinary function to an influential function with predetermined goals, the goal of this research is to extract and express myth function in one of the greatest contemporary Arab mythographer’s divan that is Yusuf alKhal and to study its contemporary social function. The extended and different function of myth in alKhal’s divan shows the necessity of this research.   1.3 Detailed Research Method   In this research by using descriptiveanalytic method first, poet’s divan was carefully studied and the examples of myth function were extracted and finally analyzed and studied.         1.4 Research Background        In a section of ‘AlUstura fi alShe’realArabi alMo’ser’ book by Yusuf alHalavi the myth in Yusuf alKhal poetry is dealt with that is not specifically about Jesus (AS). Also, As’ad Razogh in ‘AlSho’araeAlTamozion: AlUstura fi alShe’realArabi alMo’ser’ published in 1996 studies the style of myth usage in poetry of five Arab contemporary poets including Khalil Havi, Sayab, Adonis, and Jabra Ibrahim Jabra. In one of the chapters he has dealt with some of mythical odes of Yusuf alKhal including ‘AlBae’r alMahjoureh’ however, it doesn’t include other odes concerning Jesus (AS) myth. In the article “Myth in the Arab Contemporary Tamouzi Poets’ Poem” (Akbarizadeh, 1393: 2746) which is published in Lyrical Literature No.23 myth in three Arab poets including Adonis, Sayab, and Bayati are dealt with but no mention has been made to alKhal divan.   In this field, the most important article is “AlMasih va alRomoz alMasihiyah fi Divan Yusuf alKhal” (Roshanfekr, 2014: 6190) published in AlLoghat alArabiyah va Adaboha No.1 magazine. Reading present article and comparing it with mentioned article shows the similar and different aspects clearly, because the goal of present article is to illustrate mythical aspect of Jesus (AS) character in the form of (4) a mythical symbol. 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