عشق هدایتگر و ماورایی در رمان «عاشقانه‌های یونس در شکم ماهی»

عشق یکی از اساسی ترین مفاهیم زندگی بشری است که در دوران های مختلف اجتماعی مورد توجه شاعران و نویسندگان قرار گرفته است. از آن جا که دوران نوجوانی یکی از دوران های حساس زندگی است که با رشد احساسات و هیجانات فرد همراه است، آثار ادبی به ویژه داستان ها می توانند به نیازهای عاطفی نوجوانان پاسخ مثبتی بدهند. رمان «عاشقانه های یونس در شکم ماهی» از جمشید خانیان یکی از این آثار در حوزۀ ادبیات کودک و نوجوان دفاع مقدس است. نگارندگان در پژوهش حاضر برآنند تا با روش توصیفی تحلیلی، مفهوم عشق و مراحل مختلف پدیداری، بالندگی و سرانجامِ عشقِ شخصیت های داستانی را به تصویر بکشند. هدف پژوهش، پاسخ به این پرسش اصلی است که نویسندگان کودک و نوجوان از چه شیوه هایی برای انتقال مفهوم عشق و مفاهیم غنایی وابسته به آن استفاده می کنند؟ یافته های پژوهش نشان می دهد که این رمان دارای ساختاری دو لایه است که در سطح ظاهری آن عشق زمینی با پس زمینۀ جنگ مطرح شده است و در لایۀ درونی آن نویسنده به یاری تمثیل ها این عشق پاک زمینی را به عشق آسمانی پیوند داده و بدین گونه داستانی لطیف و ماندگار خلق کرده است.

The Novel of Transcendence and Navigator Love in Asheghanehay-e Younes Dar Shekam-e Mahi

Introduction In the twentieth century, almost simultaneously with the formation of Romanticism, in addition to lyric poetry, lyric novels were formed, and speaking about love and displaying its various forms in addition to poetry became popular in Persian prose. Iraq’s imposed war on Iran created a literary genre called “holy defense literature” that also met the needs of the holy defense of the child and adolescent literature community. Adolescence period is a time of growth of the individual’s imagination and emotion. During this period, the individual experiences many physical and behavioral changes “puberty grows rapidly and the adolescent attends to the opposite sex. Also, attention to genderrelated books, more taste differences will be created in the studied books” (Ghafari, 1384:43). In this time, lyric concepts such as love, received less attention from holy defense writers of adolescent and child, while addressing this issue with regard to the emotional and cognitive needs of adolescents seems to be an obvious matter. In this study, the authors attempt to clear the lyric characteristics of holy defense and related concepts by analyzing and reviewing the novel “Younes’s romances in fish belly” the work of Jamshid Khanian and then find response to the following questions:1      What are the techniques are used by the holy defense writers to express lyric love?2      Where is the place of mystery and ambiguity in the theme of love?3      Which factor in this novel makes the audience aware of virtual love true and mystical love?   2 Research Methodology This study has been done in a descriptiveanalytical way. For this purpose, by using the library tool, first of all, the sources and articles which are related to child and adolescent literature, holy defense literature, and lyric literature were studied and then the concept of love and the different stages of phenomenal, maturity and end of love of fictional characters in this holy defense novel of adolescent and child were analyzed. 3 Discussion In this work all of the kinds of the love are seen: Love of mother to the child, love of mother to the partner, love of sister and brother to each other, love to materialism and finally symbolic love of Younes and Sarah which is the main love in this novel and the study is based on it. The common point of all these earthy loves is their purity and simplex.In this work, earthly and heavenly love is necessary for each other. Not annoying or opposing each other. As a result, it is a means of knowing and attaining intuitive knowledge. According to the symbols which are seen in this story, this work can be considered as an allegorical – mystical work. Based on this view, the novel can be interpreted as follow: Sarah is a teenage girl and loves music; music is the manifestation of divine sounds. She starts a journey to attain selfknowledge, the first step in mysticism. Sarah meets Younes in the middle of the road, a strange character who is also seeking selfknowledge. Yunus invokes poetry, and throughout her plays invites Sarah to look in the mirror which is the symbol of the mystical heart and the source of selfawareness. He proves to Sarah that the everything is reversed in the mirror. This scientific fact is an illustration of this mystical point that this world is the shadow of the parable and nothing has true existence in it, but the existence of anything depends on the heaven universe and this world is just a means to know and discover the truth of the universe: “when you want to draw a line in to the left side but your hand go through the right side, it means that the mirror tells you that you can extract something strange and new from repeated things, provided you abandon your habitual habits … we really look at ourselves in the mirror, who are we watching? (Khanian, 1382: 162). Younes who is sure that Sarah will follow Salma to know her and discover Younes’s love mystery, provides a condition in which Sarah can climb the ladder with the help of her brother Sam, by enduring the hardships of the journey, to discover the garden which Salma lives in it. In this way, as mentioned above, the ladder is a means of ascension and a means to bring the lover to the beloved and Sam is a guide and mediator; the garden can also be an allegory of paradise or attainment of knowledge and intuition. After that Younes dies while digging a well. The well is a symbol of material world which Younes by passing it goes to meet God (die). The well can also symbolize the darkness behind which the water of life exists and Yunus attains eternal life in the pursuit of the water of life. So presence of these symbols in the work causes the story to become double layer. In the surface layer, war and jihad for the defense of the homeland and in the second layer selfJihad attributes that are consistent with one of the features of allegorical story One of the features that is emphasized in the story of the allegory is the existence of another layer of meaning beyond the apparent layer of the work (Fotouhi, 1390:259).  4Conclusion the Novel of Asheghanehaye Younes Dar Shekame Mahi is an adolescent novel of holy defense. Love and war are the two main themes of this novel. The author depicts the pure love of two teenagers parallel to violence and brutality of the war. In this novel, love has a dual structure and involved of two outer and inner layers, in its surface layer, the love was mentioned in war background. This layer contains many of the features of a romance novel and includes stages such as the beginning of love, revealing the secret of love, describing the beloved, jealousy, suffering, sacrifice, the death of a lover, and so on. In its inner layer, the author tries to show love from its primitive form to its most enduring and original form, with the help of mystical symbols and allegories. The basis of the movement of love in this work is from earthly love to heavenly love. The Love of Teenage Characters This story is accompanied by a sense of pride that is linked to the concept of heaven love by departing from the sensual desires. This power of love departs the characters from the savage world of war and blood, removes class distances, divisions and disagreements, and ultimately acts as an instructive and guiding power. It is in such an environment that the beloved comes to know herself and goes with the lover and finally dies in his presence and attains knowledge and intuition. In this way the lover needs a guide and a mediator who is Sam (Sarah’s brother). This guide is a mediator and a link between the lover and beloved and shows the truth of love to the beloved. Thus, we can describe this novel as a lyric work, that the author gives mystical attributes compatible with his adolescent audience as well as the spiritual atmosphere of the holy defense and images the love of two adolescents in a delicate and symbolic form, a love which responds positive to the emotional needs of today’s adolescent audience.