تحلیل« رویکرد روشنفکری» در اشعار ناصرخسرو قبادیانی

این مقاله با روش توصیفی تحلیلی و با استفاده از منابع کتابخانه ای به تبیین مولفه های  جنبش خردگرای ایرانیشعوبیه و مفهوم روشنفکری می پردازد و در پی پاسخ به این پرسش هاست: رویکرد روشنفکری ناصرخسرو چگونه صورت بندی می شود و اندیشه های او در دیوان قصاید تا چه اندازه با جنبش فکری شعوبیه نزدیک است؟ و شیوه ایفای نقش روشنفکری ناصرخسرو در زمینه ی تاریخ سیاسی – اجتماعی ایران آن روزگار چگونه است؟ رویکرد روشنفکری ناصرخسرو در دو بحثِ نظری و نقش عمل گرایانه ی روشنفکری قابل تحلیل است. ژرف ساخت روشنفکری در آراء ناصرخسرو بر مینای اندیشه ی خردگرایانه ی ایرانی شکل می گیرد و بر همین اساس در دفاع از حقوق و مقام انسان، معتقد به آزادی اراده، خردگرایی، تکریم مقام انسان و فردیت است. ناصرخسرو  برای برون رفت از وضعیت نامطلوب روزگارش، اندیشه های روشنگرش را طرح می کند. مهمترین نقش های روشنفکری ناصرخسرو در سه ساحت سیاسیاقتصادی، فرهنگی و دینی در تقابل با قدرت سیاسی سلاطین سلجوقی و دستگاه عقیدتی خلفای بغداد، قابل تحلیل است. او تلاش می کند با یادآوری داشته های فرهنگی و تلاش برای بازگشت به خویشتن به احیای هویت بپردازد. موانع از دیگر نقش های روشنفکری او نقد موانع آزادی، نواندیشی دینی، اعتراض به سلطه ی سیاسی سلجوقی و حاکمیت عقیدتی خلافت عباسی است.

Intellectual Approach in the poems of Naser Khosrow Ghobadiyani

Abstract    This article, by means of descriptiveanalytical method, uses the library resources to explain the rationalist movement of IranSheubiyhand the concept of intellectuals. This article answers these questions: How does Nasser Khosrow’s intellect develop? How close is his idea to the intellectual movement of Sheubi? What is Nasser Khosrow’s intellectual role in Iran’s politicalsocial history in that era? Nasser Khosrow’s intellectual approach is in two theoretical discussions and the pragmatic role of analysis. Naser Khosrow’s intellectual role blends with Iran’s rationalist thought. In defense of human rights, he believes in freedom of will, rationalism, reverence for humanity and individuality. Nasir Khosrow, in order to get out of his unfavorable state of affairs, sets out his illuminating thoughts.Naser Khosrow’s intellectual role shape in three dimensions: politicaleconomic, cultural, and religious, in opposition to the political power of the Saljugh Sultans and the Caliphate’s ideological system in Baghdad. He strives to revive his identity by recalling cultural and endeavors to return to his own self. Criticizes the obstacles to the realization of freedom. Among his other roles is the protest against Saljugh’s political dominance and the rule of law of Abbasid caliphate and religious renaissance       1     Introduction Nasser Khosrow is an Iranian intellectual poet who has coincided with the era of domination of the nonIranian Saljugh political System and the sovereignty of the Abbasi caliphs in Baghdad. He understood the social and political situation of his day and always aimed at expounding his illuminating ideas in order to get out of this unfavorable situation. Sheubiyh had two main branches in Iran, which lasted for centuries in our literature and poetry. The first branch was in the field of mysticism and mysticism. the second branch was the branch of rationality based on knowledge. (Farzad, 175: 1384)  In rationalism, poets such as Kasai, Ferdowsi, Naser Khosrow, and Khayyam etc. with rationality, attention to preIslamic Iranian wisdom, respect for human freedom and the determinism of modernity, have new ideas in the history of thinking with influence from the plot to reject the oppressors. Naser Khosrow Ghobadiyani, with an inclination towards the Ismaili religion of the religions of the opposition to the official religion, in the late 11th century, the Iranian humanistic rationality (Shiei) was merged with a kind of realism and initiated the first social and political critique in our literature. (Ib: 178) Hence, this article seeks to answer these questions: What is the formulation of the persistent and profound intellectual creation in the intellectual system of Naser Khosrow Ghobadiyani? To what extent does it have an intellectual dimension and how does it play an intellectual role? This article tries to understand Nasser Khosro’s enlightening views on the politicalsocial history of Iran during the era of Saljugh rulers and Abbasi caliphs and to evaluate his political, social and religious orientations by analyzing the intellectual approach. By analyzing Naser Khosrow’s poems based on the elements of the intellectual rationalist movement in Iran and other historical backgrounds in Iran and the Islamic world, a new dimension of Naser Khosrow’s views and thoughts is examined. The reaction of this Iranian poet to the decline of human rights and values ​​ determined by the policies of nonIranian Saljugh rulers and the caliphate of Baghdad. In this case, we will get a different look at Nasser Khosrow’s socialpolitical views.   2     Research methodology The research method is analyticalexplanatory and is done by analyzing the evidence inline text. This research, by explaining the sociopolitical history of Iran, especially the Iranian Sheubiyh movement and the intellectual role, analyzes the views of Naser Khosrow Ghobadiyani in the poetry court.     3     Discussion Historical background and community needs vary from society to society, and attitudes are evolving. Intellectual features of the intellectuals can vary from time to time or from place to place. Nasser Khosrow understands his day and criticizes politics, society and culture, which is a criterion of wisdom.  For example, he offers a picture of Islam that is supposed to be superstition and any kind of imitation. On the other hand, in order to escape from the status quo created by the caliphate and the rule of the Saljugh System, it seeks to revive the Iranian identity and seeks to make Iran aware of its culture and heritage. Therefore, the intellectual role of Naser Khorsrow forms in protest against the Saljugh political rule and the religious system of the caliphate and the revival of Iranian identity and freedom.  This is the role of Nasser Khorsro in two branches, an attempt at economic justice and an escape from intellectual repression in confronting the power of the Saljugh System and the caliphate of Baghdad.  A common identity is like a guardian that will remove public interest from any power, and aspire to the material and spiritual communities for all the people of society. The emphasis on knowledge, antiquity, and remembrance of the historical background and ethnicity of Iran is Nasser Khosro’s most enlightening efforts to revive Iran’s identity and freedom. Nasser Khosrow, with a new and new interpretation of the value and cultural system, will open the way to dangers such as heresy, because the dominant and prevailing norms, by building domination on thought, lead the person to follow, obey and secure the goals of the owners of power. Nasser Khosro himself thinks that he must stand against the causes of the norms of the crookedness and, through superstition and disintegration, try to solve the obstacles and realize the ideal conditions. The intellectual role of Naser Khorsrow is the defense of the trampled people’s rights and protest against the authorities. .   4     Conclusion Naser Khosrow’s time is the time of the political rule of the Saljughs of nonIran and the domination of the Abbasi caliphs over Iran, a time when cultural structures and value systems, especially the Iranian identity from the second to the NaserKhosrow era, were at risk of the destruction of nonIranian political and ideological sovereignty. His intellectual thought and approach are responses to the political and ideological sovereignty of foreigners and their ideological rigors. The intellectual and literary attitude of the Iranian rationalist Sheubiyh will continue to struggle with the thoughts and literature to defend freedom and dignity of man in the confrontation between political sovereignty and deviant thinking. He tries to reproduce the noble meanings of these concepts. The deepening of Nasser Khosrow’s thoughts with the rationalist movement of IranSheubiis in line with Iranian history. The basis of his intellectual approach is that he focuses on wisdom recognition to protect human beings and always guides people in order to properly diagnose from falsehood and avoid slipping. Of the other deepseated structures, it is about freedom and liberty to be at the mercy of power. In his view, man must be free to perform verbs. Human beings are at the core of Naser Khosrow’s pure minds, and even human beings are a divine being. Human primacy in virtues, adoration of art and spirituality, individual abilities of man. Another aspect of Nasser Khosrow’s approach to intellectualism is his pragmatic role that condemns the religious repressions and economic inequalities of the Abbasi caliphs and the Saljugh System in defense of the rights of the people and considers the caliphate of the Abbasi caliph illegitimate. Another role of Naser Khosro’s intellectuals is the discovery of value systems and the diversion of values ​​from the natural structure; he confronts religious authority against the causes of the tangled norms and weakens the questioning of the false intellectual foundations. He considers unconscious faithless worthless and man’s destruction. Insists on the clarification of religious issues. Nasser Khosrow wants to realize the libertarian and identitybased idea in two areas of cultural revival and political independence. 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