the investigation of quercus infectoria gall aqueous extract effect on the cell proliferation, apoptosis and expression of ccnd1, tp53, bcl2 and bax genes in cell line of lung, gastric and esophageal cancers

Background: the therapeutic potential of quercus infectoria (qi) gall, including its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer properties, is well-known. however, its impact on lung, gastric, and esophageal cancer cells remain unclear. this study aims to explore the effects of qi gall aqueous extract on cell viability, apoptosis, and gene expression in a549, bgc823, and kyse-30 cell lines.methods: a549, bgc823, and kyse-30 cells were seeded in complete medium and incubated with different concentrations of qi gall extract for 24 hours. cell viability was measured by an mtt [3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide] assay. the induction of apoptosis was assessed through flow cytometric analysis after the adding fitc-conjugated annexin v (annexin v-fitc) and propidium iodide (pi). the mrna expression levels of ccnd1, tp53, bcl2, and bax genes were determined using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis.results: the mtt assay demonstrated that treatment with qi gall extract significantly reduced the number of viable cells in the a549, bgc823, and kyse-30 cell lines at ic50 concentrations of 440.1, 437.1, and 465.2 mg/ml, respectively. additionally, compared to untreated cell population, the percentages of early apoptosis, late apoptosis, and necrosis in the a549, bgc823, and kyse-30 cells significantly increased following treatment with qi gall extract (p< 0.05). also, the treatment with qi gall extract influenced the expression of ccnd1, tp53, bcl2, and bax genes.conclusions: the present findings indicated that the gall extract of qi can inhibit the growth of a549, bgc823, and kyse-30 cells by inducing apoptosis, which may be mediated via mitochondria‑dependent pathway.