antiproliferative activity of hypericum perforatum, achillea millefolium, and aloe vera in interaction with the prostatic activity of cd82

Background: in recent years, prostate cancer prevails as one of the lead cancers affecting men. currently, prostate cancer research involves the phytochemical study of plants with anti-tumour effects. this study compares the anti-tumour effects of three plant species indigenous to iran and their interaction with cluster of differentiation (cd)-82 protein, a therapeutic target found in prostate cancer cells.methods: the extracts of hypericum perforatum, achillea millefolium, and aloe vera were prepared and their toxicological, cellular and gene expression responses were evaluated in pc-3 human prostate cancer cells and normal human chondrocyte cell line c28/i2. they were exposed to different concentrations of the plants (10 mg/ml, 5 mg/ml, 1 mg/ml, 100 µg/ml, 10 µg/ml, and 1 µg/ml) at three exposure time points (24, 48, 72 hours) to determine cancer cell cytotoxicity and gene expression profiles.results: half-maximal inhibitory concentration (ic50) in pc-3 cells ranged from 0.6 to 8.5 mg/ml for h. perforatum extract, from 0.4 to 7.5 mg/ml for a. millefolium extract, and from 0.2 to 8.0 mg/ml for a. vera extract in a time-dependent manner. a. vera extract caused the highest cell death levels in pc-3 cells (94%) and c28/i2 cells (57%) after 48 hours. a 1.97-, 3.00-, and 3.48-fold increase in relative gene expression of cd82 was observed for h. perforatum, a. millefolium, and a. vera extracts, respectivelyconclusions: a. vera and a. millefolium extracts are a selective inhibitor of prostate cancer cells and a potent activator of cd82 expression.