the prognostic significance of p16 immunohistochemical expression pattern in women with invasive ductal breast carcinoma

Background: breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women worldwide. the p16 protein is a cell cycle regulator and tumor suppressor implicated in several types of cancers. however, its relationship to breast cancer is still unknown. the present study aimed to assess the association of p16 protein expression with clinicopathological features in breast cancer. this study aimed to investigate the anti-cancer effects of different gum extracts on metabolic changes and their impact on gene expression in ht-29 cell.methods: the study enrolled 100 patients with invasive ductal carcinoma. the samples were collected before any adjuvant chemotherapy, and p16 protein expression was determined using immunohistochemistry. clinicopathological features were obtained from the patient’s medical records.results: our findings demonstrated that p16 protein expression increased in estrogen receptor-positive tumor tissues (p< 0.01). however, no significant correlation was found between the p16 protein expression and the other clinicopathological features.conclusions: our study demonstrated that p16 protein expression increased in er-positive tumor tissue from patients with invasive ductal breast carcinoma. however, no correlation was found between the p16 protein expression and the other clinicopathological features.