numerical simulation of diesel engines egr cooler

This article investigates the effect of using three nanofluids as exhaust gas cooling fluid in an egr cooler. reducing the exhaust temperature of diesel engines can reduce environmental and thermal pollutants. in a conventional 3-liter engine in all kinds of vehicles, 20 to 40 kw of its 115 kw power is being wasted. the engine shell temperature rises to 600 degrees celsius.  exhaust gas recirculation can recover a part of it. exhaust gas recirculation can recover thermal energy by exhaust gas recirculation method by charging a thermal energy storage tank to feed a diesel engine in cold start.many researchers have simulated natural convection in the nanofluids. the innovation of the current research is the use of 61 tubes inside the small heat exchanger that is cooled by the discussed nanofluids in the exhaust gas recirculation system of the diesel engine that works with the paraffin phase changer and the exhaust gas recirculation rate is 60% to reduce of environmental pollution and smoother operation of diesel engine. the inlet is steady state turbulent. the thickness of the inner tubes is considered close to zero. the shell is adiabatic. both of them exit the heat exchanger under pressure. three nanoparticles of diamond, silicon dioxide, and copper are considered. this numerical simulation has solved the continuity equations, energy, navier-stokes, the pressure drop along the pipe, flow, and rotation equation, kinetic energy disturbance, and energy loss rate equation. the results showed a higher pressure drop for the silicon dioxide-ethylene glycol nanofluid. silicon dioxide-ethylene glycol nanofluid has a higher nusselt number, slightly different from other nanofluids. also, copper ethylene glycol has a lower velocity among nanofluids.