evaluation of methamphetamine, methadone, tramadol, diazinon, phosalone, trichlorfon, mancozeb, and penconazole in hand-made alcoholic beverages in north khorasan province, iran

Background: unrecorded alcoholic beverage consumption is a health problem in iran. extensive use of pesticides in agricultural products may lead to the presence of residues of these compounds in hand-made alcoholic beverages. there are claims that the producer of hand-made alcoholic beverages adds some drugs to increase efficiency. the objective of this study was to assess the presence of methamphetamine, methadone, tramadol, diazinon, phosalone, trichlorfon, mancozeb, and penconazole in homemade alcoholic drinks. methods: thirty hand-made alcoholic beverages were analyzed in this study. quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (quechers) and liquid-liquid extraction (lle) were selected for samples' pretreatment. gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (gc-ms) was used to identify diazinon, phosalone, trichlorfon, mancozeb, and penconazole and high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc) was used to identify tramadol, methadone, and methamphetamine. results: this study showed that diazinon was detected in three samples (10% of the total samples) at 10.8 to 16.5 μg/l and penconazole was detected in two samples (6% of the whole samples) at a range of 78.5 to 810.6 μg/l. however, mancozeb, trichlorfon, and phosalone were not in alcoholic beverages. in addition, methadone, tramadol, and methamphetamine were not detected in any samples. conclusion: the results of our research showed that hand-made alcoholic beverages contain pesticide residues, and the use of these beverages causes diseases in the body.