سیاست امنیتی دولت سازندگی؛ گذار از آرمان گرایی به عمل ‌گرایی ژئوپلیتیک محور (1376-1368)

اگرچه در دهه ابتدایی انقلاب اسلامی، نشانه‌هایی از «گفتمان آرمان‌گرایی» در سیاست خارجی ایران وجود داشت، اما متعاقب استقرار دولت سازندگی در سال 1368، به‌تدریج قرائن بروز تحول در گفتمان مزبور در جهت تمایل به‌سوی اولویت‌بخشی به اهداف داخلی در برابر اهداف فراملی آشکار شد، آنچه که در قالب کلی «عمل‌گرایی» مورد بحث واقع ‌شده است. در این میان سیاست امنیتی جمهوری اسلامی نیز با نوآوری‌های جدیدی مواجه شد. دگرگونی که محصول شرایط پساجنگ داخلی و تحولات نوظهور منطقه‌ای و بین‌المللی بود و نشانه‌هایی از ظرفیت روشنفکرانه متکی به اجماع (نسبی) میان تصمیم‌گیرندگان را به همراه داشت. پرسش اصلی مقاله عبارت است از: در چارچوب نظام سیاست‌گذاری امنیتی دولت سازندگی در بازه زمانی 1368 تا 1376، چگونه میان ملاحظات توسعه‌ای و امنیتی ارتباط برقرار شد؟ فرضیه مورد نظر نیز این است که در چارچوب سیاست امنیتی، «توسعه اقتصادی» به‌عنوان محوری‌ترین راهبرد سیاست امنیتی دولت سازندگی (1376-1368) قرار گرفت و متناسب با این الگو و نقش ملی، امنیت ملی و توسعه ملی همسان و یکسان تلقی شد. یافته اصلی مقاله نیز اینکه عمل‌گرایی ناظر بر سیاست‌گذاری امنیتی دولت سازندگی، فراتر از تجربه‌ای تاریخی، به ظرفیتی روشنفکرانه در بطن نظام مدیریتی کلان کشور اشاره دارد که در شرایط بحرانی می‌تواند دستگیر تصمیم‌گیرندگان باشد.

security policy of reconstruction administration in iran: the transition from idealism to geopolitical pragmatism

introduction unlike iran’s idealist foreign policy during the first decade of the islamic revolution, there was a gradual shift in discourse after the establishment of the reconstruction administration in 1989. this shift revealed a growing tendency to prioritize domestic goals over transnational objectives, often referred to in general terms as pragmatism. in the meantime, the security policy of the islamic republic underwent new innovations which were influenced by post-war domestic conditions and emerging regional and international developments, indicating some kind of intellectual capacity based on relative consensus among decision-makers. the working hypothesis posits that pragmatism of the reconstruction administration (1989–1997) prioritized economic development as the cornerstone of its security policy, thus equating national security with national development. recognizing its capabilities and limitations while upholding islamic values, the islamic state prioritized economic reform and sought to rebuild its relations with other nations, hence a shift towards a more realist approach in foreign policy. in this respect, the present article aimed to examine the security policymaking process and the initiatives undertaken to advance new security considerations—a distinctive experience closely associated with hashemi rafsanjani’s reconstruction administration. the analysis concerned the factors contributing to the security policy of the reconstruction administration (1989–1997), and its relationship with economic development as well as the overall foreign policy of the country. the study tried to answer the question as to what relationship existed between development and security in the security policymaking of the reconstruction administration.literature reviewin an article titled “a shift in the national security approach of the islamic republic in the second decade of the islamic revolution,” ardestani (2013) states that the most important orientation in iran’s post-war foreign policy was alignment with the regional and international environment. in “discursive transformation of national security governance in the islamic republic of iran,” khalili (2019) underscores that the putative discursive transformation, despite shaping the iri’s distinctive governance approach, has led to a weakening consensus, polarization, and conflict both within society and within the structures and institutions of national security. in “the impact of the idea of self-reliance on the national security of the islamic republic of iran,” dehshiri et al. (2022) focused on the reasons behind the iri’s emphasis on self-reliance. they concluded that the realization of self-reliance and the subsequent national security—regardless of the government—is influenced by several factors, such as the national cohesion, strategic geopolitical position, historical–civilizational background, pursuit of political independence, mutual trust between people and rulers, and effective and constructive relations with regional and international actors. another notable work is iran’s security policy in the post-revolutionary era (byman, 2001). it delves into iran’s security considerations during the 1990s, particularly during the establishment of the reconstruction administration. considering the related literature, the innovative aspect of the present study lies in its focus on security policy of the reconstruction administration by relying on an analytical approach which is missing in the related literature.materials and methodsthe present research adopted a descriptive–analytical approach. this kind of analysis involves summarizing and describing the main features of a dataset, aiming to provide information such as measures of central tendency, dispersion, and distribution without drawing inferences or making conclusions.